中国的民族问题与20世纪50年代的“民族识别”

发布时间：2018-04-25 09:42

本文选题：中国民族问题 + 民族识别　；参考：《西北民族研究》2012年03期

【摘要】：自1949年以来,中国参照苏联模式建成一个"多民族国家",在50年代开展了"民族识别"工作,政府组织专家学者深入各地调查,最后正式"识别"出56个"民族",这样一个民族格局构成了现今中国民族关系的基本框架和所有制度、政策设计实践的基础。为了更加深入地分析建国后60年中国在民族工作方面的实践,反思在民族工作中出现的经验和教训,重新思考并开展对50年代"民族识别"工作的口述史调查,分析当时的历史条件和社会背景,讨论这一格局对今天中国民族问题的影响是非常有必要的。本文讨论了中国民族问题的基本特点,民族问题研究者面对的几大难题,简略分析了"民族识别"工作的基本情况。半个世纪过去了,我们在思想和观念上得到解放,学术理论上也开阔了视野,对于20世纪50年代"民族识别"工作的再认识,理应成为今后中国族群问题一个重要研究的专题。
[Abstract]:Since 1949, China has built up a "multi-ethnic state" with reference to the Soviet model. In the 1950s, it carried out the work of "national identification," and the government organized experts and scholars to conduct in-depth investigations throughout the region. Finally, 56 "nationalities" are formally identified. Such a national pattern constitutes the basic framework of the present Chinese ethnic relations and the basis of all systems, policies and practices. In order to deeply analyze the practice of ethnic work in China 60 years after the founding of the people's Republic of China, to reflect on the experiences and lessons learned in the work of ethnic work, and to re-think and carry out the oral history investigation on the work of "national identification" in the 1950s, It is necessary to analyze the historical conditions and social background and discuss the influence of this pattern on the ethnic problems in China today. This paper discusses the basic characteristics of ethnic problems in China, several difficult problems faced by the researchers of ethnic problems, and briefly analyzes the basic situation of the work of "national identification". Half a century has passed and we have been liberated in our thoughts and concepts, and our academic and theoretical fields have widened. The reunderstanding of the work of "national identification" in the 1950s should be an important research topic in China in the future.
【作者单位】：北京大学社会学系;北京大学社会学人类学研究所;北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心;
【分类号】：C95

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