民族认同论

发布时间：2018-08-24 07:33

【摘要】：“民族”不仅是以血缘、地域关系为基础形成的,更为重要的是以文化特别是精神文化的共同体认而紧密联系在一起的稳定的人群共同体。独特的精神文化内涵、共同的文化背景使每个人集合为所谓的“民族”,也使一个民族具有其“民族性”并以此区别于其他的民族。“民族”的界定不能离开其各具特色的“文化”,没有自己“文化”的“民族”至多只具有“种族”的意义,而不是我们一般意义上所认可的“民族”。从文化哲学的视域来看,“民族认同”就是所属民族的成员对自己所属的文化、族群的心理归属和情感肯认。本文的主要创新性在于力图超越民族学、人类学、社会学、文化学、政治学等领域对“民族认同”的既有研究,借助文化哲学的基本理论和分析框架,在对民族、认同与民族认同概念进行深度解读的基础之上,围绕文化认同与民族认同、精神文化与民族认同、文化危机与文化转型、民族文化认同与民族精神培育、共有精神家园建设之间的内在本质关系进行深入系统的研究。全文共分为六个部分：第一部分(导言),主要阐述了选题的意义,研究的基本思路和基本内容以及基本方法。本文认为,“民族”不仅是以血缘、地域关系为基础形成的,更为重要的是以文化的共同体认而紧密联系在一起的稳定的族群。因此,借助文化哲学的理论和方法,在学理层面重新认识剖析“民族认同”概念,凸显文化在民族认同中的核心地位,从文化特别是民族意识、民族观念、民族理想、民族信仰、民族精神等精神文化层面去开掘民族认同的内蕴,论证为什么在世界范围必须保持文化多元,而在民族国家内部必须形成文化共识；在现实层面探寻如何尊重不同民族文化传统,保持民族特色,巩固民族团结,建设“各美其美,美美与共”的民族共有精神家园,最终实现各民族“共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展”的理念,至为重要。第二部分(第一章),阐述了民族认同的内涵、发生和表现形式,探讨了民族、认同、民族认同、文化认同等基本概念及其相互关系,对民族认同发生基础、表现类型进行了深入分析。本文认为,民族是指人们在一定的历史发展阶段形成的有共同语言、共同地域、共同经济生活以及表现于共同的民族文化特点上的共同心理素质的稳定的共同体,在此基础上本文进一步认为,区别不同民族特性的核心要件是民族的精神文化。民族认同就是社会成员对自己归属于某一家庭、家族、社区、阶层、阶级、国家、文化等的认知和感情依附。第三部分(第二章),阐述了民族认同的精神文化内涵。本文认为,民族认同是当不同民族进行交往的时候发生的社会成员对自己身份归属的认知与确证。这种认知与确证可以通过多种方式进行,比如在物质文化层面或制度文化层面的归属感、认同感,但毫无疑问,真正能够从根本上解决民族认同问题的只能是精神文化层面的沟通与吸引。在民族认同的过程中无论是民族身份的确认还是区分,精神文化的共识和排斥在一定意义上处于核心地位,民族认同本质上是民族精神文化的认同。第四部分(第三章),阐述了精神文化的民族认同功能。本文认为,民族的精神文化是一个具有相对独立性的、自我完善的、不断与外界进行交流的系统,民族的情感、心理、信仰、价值、观念、精神等构成系统的要素,并形成相应的结构。在民族的发展进程中,精神文化的功能主要是通过民族认同功能体现出来,具体而言,就是民族情感、民族心理、民族意识和民族精神等精神文化要素促进民族性格的形成和巩固,推动民族历史的持续发展。从民族情感、民族心理的产生到民族意识、民族观念的形成,直至民族精神的构建,精神文化系统的各个要素成为民族认同过程即精神文化自身被民族全体成员体认、内化、弘扬和升华过程的重要作用机制。第五部分(第四章),阐述了精神文化与民族文化危机的内在勾连以及解决危机的途径。本文认为,民族文化危机的实质或产生的根本原因是民族的精神文化——民族文化模式危机。解决文化危机的关键就在于推进民族文化模式的转型。这种转型主要有两种途径：一是通过民族文化模式的创新而使其创造性转化；二是通过民族文化模式的整合而批判性重建。共有精神家园建设过程本质上就是文化意义和精神层面上的民族认同过程。第六部分(结语),阐述了对民族认同同一性和差异性的思考。本文认为,民族认同的同一性和差异性是客观存在的事实。推进人们的和谐相处与彼此交流,谋求不同民族以及民族国家之间的共存与合作,已成为民族认同的重要发展方向。
[Abstract]:"Nation" is not only formed on the basis of consanguinity and regional relations, but more importantly, a stable community of people closely linked by the common recognition of culture, especially spiritual culture. Nationality is different from other nationalities. Nationality can not be defined without its distinctive "culture". Nation without its own "culture" has at most the meaning of "race" rather than "nation" as we generally recognize it. The members of a nationality are willing to recognize their own culture, ethnic group's psychological affiliation and emotion.
The main innovation of this paper lies in trying to transcend the existing studies on "national identity" in the fields of ethnology, anthropology, sociology, culture and politics. With the help of the basic theory and analytical framework of cultural philosophy, this paper is based on a deep interpretation of the concepts of "national identity" and "national identity", focusing on cultural identity and national identity. This paper makes a thorough and systematic study on the intrinsic relationship between divine culture and national identity, cultural crisis and cultural transformation, national cultural identity and national spirit cultivation, and the construction of a common spiritual home.
The full text is divided into six parts.
The first part (introduction), mainly elaborates the significance of the topic, the basic ideas and contents of the study, as well as the basic methods. On the theory and method, we should re-understand and analyze the concept of "national identity" at the theoretical level, highlight the core position of culture in national identity, explore the connotation of national identity from the spiritual and cultural level of culture, especially national consciousness, national concept, national ideal, national belief and national spirit, and demonstrate why culture must be maintained in the world. In order to realize the concept of "common unity and struggle, common prosperity and development" for all nationalities, we should explore how to respect the cultural traditions of different nationalities, maintain national characteristics, consolidate national unity, and build a common spiritual home of "all the beauties, all the beauties and all the people" in a realistic way. It's important.
The second part (the first chapter) expounds the connotation, occurrence and manifestation of national identity, explores the basic concepts of nationality, identity, national identity, cultural identity and their mutual relations, and makes a thorough analysis of the basis and manifestation types of national identity. On the basis of the stable community of common language, common region, common economic life and common psychological quality manifested in the common national cultural characteristics, this paper further considers that the core element of distinguishing different national characteristics is the national spiritual culture. The cognitive and emotional attachment of the community, class, class, country, culture, etc.
The third part (the second chapter) elaborates the spiritual and cultural connotation of national identity.This paper holds that national identity is the cognition and confirmation of social members'own identity attribution when different ethnic groups communicate.Such recognition and confirmation can be carried out in many ways, such as the attribution at the level of material culture or institutional culture. Sense of belonging, sense of identity, but there is no doubt that the only way to solve the problem of national identity fundamentally is communication and attraction at the spiritual and cultural level. Identification of spiritual culture.
The fourth part (the third chapter) elaborates the national identity function of the spiritual culture.This article holds that the national spiritual culture is a relatively independent, self-perfecting, and constantly communicating system with the outside world, the national emotions, psychology, beliefs, values, concepts, spirits and other elements of the system, and forms the corresponding structure. In the process of development, the function of spiritual culture is mainly embodied by the function of national identity. Specifically speaking, the spiritual and cultural elements such as national emotion, national psychology, national consciousness and national spirit promote the formation and consolidation of national character and promote the sustainable development of national history. Knowledge, the formation of national concepts, until the construction of national spirit, the various elements of the spiritual and cultural system become an important mechanism in the process of national identity, that is, the process of spiritual culture itself being recognized, internalized, promoted and sublimated by all the members of the nation.
The fifth part (the fourth chapter) elaborates the intrinsic connection between spiritual culture and national cultural crisis and the way to solve the crisis. There are two main approaches to this transformation: one is to transform the national cultural model creatively through innovation; the other is to rebuild it critically through the integration of the national cultural model.
The sixth part (concluding remarks) elaborates the reflection on the identity and difference of national identity.This paper holds that the identity and difference of national identity are objective facts.Promoting people's harmonious coexistence and exchanges with each other and seeking coexistence and cooperation among different nationalities and nations have become an important development direction of national identity.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C95

【引证文献】