二战后族群史研究凸显于美国学界的动因分析

发布时间：2018-11-23 17:28

【摘要】：二战前,作为"民族学的附庸和考古学的侍女",族群史研究一直发展缓慢、影响微弱。战后,史学因借鉴民族学人类学理论方法而展示出一种新的发展趋势,族群史研究逐现端倪于美国史学界;在美国的民族学人类学界,民族学人类学也逐渐迈出"历史化"的步伐,族群史研究开始在美国民族学人类学界发生较大影响。这与战后西方尤其是美国社会和学界的新变化息息相关。其中,1946年《印第安人权利申诉委员会法案》在美国国会的通过和印第安人权利申诉委员会的建立,1953年由印第安人权利申诉委员会推动、美国司法部和印第安纳大学合作的"大湖区-俄亥俄流域研究计划"的出台,成为族群史研究凸显于美国学界的直接诱因和重要表现,为战后美国民族学人类学与历史学,尤其是社会史之间关系由疏离到日益密切,以及"历史人类学"在美国和西方学界的发轫起到了重要的促动和铺垫作用。本文尝试对影响战后族群史研究凸显于美国学界的诸多动因进行深入分析,为全面理解族群史研究发生发展的学术脉络提供新的视角。相信,族群史研究的追根探源对理解相关新兴研究领域——西方"历史人类学"而言,也不无补益。
[Abstract]:Before World War II, as an appendage of ethnology and a maid of archaeology, the study of ethnic history developed slowly and had a weak influence. After the war, historiography showed a new developing trend because of drawing lessons from the theory and method of ethnology anthropology, and the study of ethnic group history appeared gradually in American historiography. In the anthropology of ethnology in the United States, the anthropology of ethnology has gradually taken the step of "historization", and the study of ethnic history has begun to exert a great influence on the anthropology of American ethnology. This is closely related to the new changes in postwar western society, especially in American society and academia. Among them, the passage of the Indian Rights Complaints Commission Act 1946 in the United States Congress and the establishment of the Indian Rights Complaints Commission were promoted by the Indian Rights Complaints Commission in 1953. The publication of the Great Lakes Ohio Basin Research Project, which was co-organized by the US Department of Justice and Indiana University, has become a direct cause and an important manifestation of the study of ethnic history in the United States. It is also a direct cause and an important manifestation of American ethnology and history after the war. In particular, the relationship between social history from alienation to increasingly close, as well as "historical anthropology" in the United States and Western academia has played an important role in promoting and paving the way. This paper attempts to make a thorough analysis of the causes that influence the study of postwar ethnic history in American academic circles, and provide a new perspective for the overall understanding of the academic context of the development of ethnic history research. It is believed that the origin of ethnic history research is not without benefit for understanding western historical anthropology.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所;
【基金】：中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所重点课题“西方‘历史人类学'研究——以族群史研究在美国学界的演变为视角”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C95

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