生物炭和秸秆对土壤呼吸和团聚体的影响
发布时间：2021-02-02 15:28
土壤呼吸作用是通过陆地植物固定和来自土壤微生物分解的土壤有机质的C02返回大气的主要途径,它也被称为碳矿化作用。土壤团聚体是相对于相邻颗粒更加结实的土壤颗粒组。团聚体稳定性是指土壤团聚体受到耕作和水或风力侵蚀的破坏力时抵抗分解的能力。潮湿土壤团聚体稳定性表明土壤能够抵抗雨滴冲击和水力侵蚀的影响。在低温生物炭对土壤和聚集的影响方面已经做了大量的相关研究,但是关于比较生物炭对黑土区低有机质和高有机质的碳矿化作用的影响方面相对较少。此外还观察到在短时间内生物炭和秸秆对土壤某些物理属性（容重、总孔隙度、持水能力）的影响还存在一定的知识缺口。本研究旨在:通过测定低水平和高水平的生物炭利用率以及玉米秸秆对微生物土壤呼吸、氮矿化、土壤中微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮的影响;测定生物炭、秸秆和有机肥对土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳、土壤团聚体、团聚体大小分布、团聚体重量直径和一些其他的土壤物理属性;测定生物炭、秸秆和畜禽粪便对玉米生长和产量的影响来解决上述知识缺口。在2014年11月和12月于中国哈尔滨市东北农业大学开展两次实验。第一次培养实验测定三种不同水平下生物炭（0.5%,1%,和2%）和秸秆（1%...
【文章来源】：东北农业大学黑龙江省 211工程院校
【文章页数】：97 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Problem statement
2 efflux"> 1.2 Soil CO2 efflux
1.2.1 Soil as Source and Sink of Greenhouse gases
1.2.2 Carbon in soils
1.2.3 Soil Carbon pools and Carbon fractions
1.2.4 Microbial Biomass Carbon （MBC） / Microbial Biomass Nitrogen （MBN）
4
+-N and NO3
--N"> 1.2.5 Soil NH4
+-N and NO3
--N
1.2.6 Total N in Agricultural soils
1.2.7 Soil Aggregation and Aggregate Stability
1.2.8 Soil Water Holding Capacity / Soil Water Retention
1.3 Biochar
1.3.1 Origin
1.3.2 Production
1.3.3 Uses
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Experiment 1 （Soil Incubation）
2.2 Experimental design and treatment
2.3 Experimental materials
2.3.1 Physical and chemical properties of materials used for the experiment
2.3.2 Soil preparation
2.3.3 Soil incubation
2.4 Gas measurements
2.5 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen fumigation, extraction, and measurements
2.6 Nitrogen mineralization
2.7 Statistical Analysis
2.8 Experiment 2 （Field study）
2.9 Experimental design and treatment
2.9.1 Land Preparation
2.9.2 Sowing of corn seeds
2.9.3 Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.10 Methods
2.10.1 Plant growth analysis
2.10.2 Soil Water Holding Capacity and Bulk Density
2.10.3 Soil Total Porosity
2.10.4 Soil Aggregate Stability
2.11 Statistical Analysis
3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Effects of biochar and straw on soil respiration
3.2 Effects of biochar and straw on N mineralization
3.3 Effects of biochar and straw on soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC）
3.4 Effects of biochar and straw on soil microbial biomass nitrogen （SMBN）
3.5 Effects of biochar and straw on soil Total N
3.6 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil organic carbon （SOC）
3.7 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC）
3.8 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil pH
3.9 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil bulk density （BD）
3.10 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil water holding capacity （WHC）
3.11 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil total porosity
3.12 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on aggregates mean weight diameter （MWD）
3.13 Effects of different treatments on aggregate-size distribution
3.14 Total organic carbon （TOC） content at top soil from soil treatments of differentaggregate size fractions following wet sieving
3.15 Effect of different soil treatments on Com yield （Zea mays）
4 DISCUSSION
4.1 Effects of biochar and straw on soil respiration
4.2 Effects of biochar and straw on N-mineralization
4.3 Effects of biochar and straw on soil MBC and MBN
4.4 Effects of biochar and straw on soil total nitrogen
4.5 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on SOC
4.6 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on SMBC
4.7 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil pH
4.8 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil bulk density and total porosity
4.9 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil WHC
4.10 Effects of different treatments on aggregate-size distribution
4.11 Total organic carbon content in different aggregate-size fractions
5 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Paper published in the period of Ph.D. education
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]连续秸秆还田对黑土团聚体中有机碳含量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 郝翔翔,杨春葆,苑亚茹,韩晓增,李禄军,江恒. 中国农学通报. 2013(35)
[2]秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响[J]. 许仁良,王建峰,张国良,戴其根. 生态学报. 2010(13)
[3]秸秆还田对土壤改良的研究进展[J]. 申源源,陈宏. 中国农学通报. 2009(19)
[4]Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Potential Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Forest Soils[J]. OUYANG Xue-Jun1,2, ZHOU Guo-Yi1,2, HUANG Zhong-Liang1, LIU Ju-Xiu1, ZHANG De-Qiang1 and LI Jiong11South China Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650 (China). 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China). Pedosphere. 2008(04)
[5]秸秆还田与化肥配合施用对土壤肥力的影响[J]. 劳秀荣,孙伟红,王真,郝艳如,张昌爱. 土壤学报. 2003(04)
本文编号：3014930
【文章来源】：东北农业大学黑龙江省 211工程院校
【文章页数】：97 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Problem statement
2 efflux"> 1.2 Soil CO2 efflux
1.2.1 Soil as Source and Sink of Greenhouse gases
1.2.2 Carbon in soils
1.2.3 Soil Carbon pools and Carbon fractions
1.2.4 Microbial Biomass Carbon （MBC） / Microbial Biomass Nitrogen （MBN）
4
+-N and NO3
--N"> 1.2.5 Soil NH4
+-N and NO3
--N
1.2.6 Total N in Agricultural soils
1.2.7 Soil Aggregation and Aggregate Stability
1.2.8 Soil Water Holding Capacity / Soil Water Retention
1.3 Biochar
1.3.1 Origin
1.3.2 Production
1.3.3 Uses
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Experiment 1 （Soil Incubation）
2.2 Experimental design and treatment
2.3 Experimental materials
2.3.1 Physical and chemical properties of materials used for the experiment
2.3.2 Soil preparation
2.3.3 Soil incubation
2.4 Gas measurements
2.5 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen fumigation, extraction, and measurements
2.6 Nitrogen mineralization
2.7 Statistical Analysis
2.8 Experiment 2 （Field study）
2.9 Experimental design and treatment
2.9.1 Land Preparation
2.9.2 Sowing of corn seeds
2.9.3 Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.10 Methods
2.10.1 Plant growth analysis
2.10.2 Soil Water Holding Capacity and Bulk Density
2.10.3 Soil Total Porosity
2.10.4 Soil Aggregate Stability
2.11 Statistical Analysis
3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Effects of biochar and straw on soil respiration
3.2 Effects of biochar and straw on N mineralization
3.3 Effects of biochar and straw on soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC）
3.4 Effects of biochar and straw on soil microbial biomass nitrogen （SMBN）
3.5 Effects of biochar and straw on soil Total N
3.6 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil organic carbon （SOC）
3.7 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC）
3.8 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil pH
3.9 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil bulk density （BD）
3.10 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil water holding capacity （WHC）
3.11 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil total porosity
3.12 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on aggregates mean weight diameter （MWD）
3.13 Effects of different treatments on aggregate-size distribution
3.14 Total organic carbon （TOC） content at top soil from soil treatments of differentaggregate size fractions following wet sieving
3.15 Effect of different soil treatments on Com yield （Zea mays）
4 DISCUSSION
4.1 Effects of biochar and straw on soil respiration
4.2 Effects of biochar and straw on N-mineralization
4.3 Effects of biochar and straw on soil MBC and MBN
4.4 Effects of biochar and straw on soil total nitrogen
4.5 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on SOC
4.6 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on SMBC
4.7 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil pH
4.8 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil bulk density and total porosity
4.9 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil WHC
4.10 Effects of different treatments on aggregate-size distribution
4.11 Total organic carbon content in different aggregate-size fractions
5 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Paper published in the period of Ph.D. education
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]连续秸秆还田对黑土团聚体中有机碳含量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 郝翔翔,杨春葆,苑亚茹,韩晓增,李禄军,江恒. 中国农学通报. 2013(35)
[2]秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响[J]. 许仁良,王建峰,张国良,戴其根. 生态学报. 2010(13)
[3]秸秆还田对土壤改良的研究进展[J]. 申源源,陈宏. 中国农学通报. 2009(19)
[4]Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Potential Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Forest Soils[J]. OUYANG Xue-Jun1,2, ZHOU Guo-Yi1,2, HUANG Zhong-Liang1, LIU Ju-Xiu1, ZHANG De-Qiang1 and LI Jiong11South China Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650 (China). 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China). Pedosphere. 2008(04)
[5]秸秆还田与化肥配合施用对土壤肥力的影响[J]. 劳秀荣,孙伟红,王真,郝艳如,张昌爱. 土壤学报. 2003(04)
本文编号：3014930
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