中国与加纳农作物秸秆利用及田间焚烧比较研究

发布时间：2023-10-29 14:58

　　加纳共和国位于非洲西部、几内亚湾北岸,国土面积23.9万平方公里,总人口2482万。全国共设10个省,即大阿克拉省、阿散蒂省、布朗-阿哈福省、中部省、东部省、沃尔特省、西部省、上东部省、上西部省和北部省。加纳在西非诸国中经济较为发达,以农业为主,主要农作物有玉米、水稻、高粱、谷子、花生等。当前,加纳农作物秸秆资源利用仍处于初级阶段,秸秆利用效率较低,露天焚烧现象非常普遍,政府在秸秆综合利用方面的支持非常不足。粮农组织公布的数据显示,1961年至2017年,加纳焚烧的玉米、水稻等秸秆量合计达到3628.88万吨。因此,农作物秸秆能否得到有效利用,已成为影响其农业能否实现清洁生产与可持续发展的重要因素。中国在治理秸秆焚烧、推进秸秆利用方面所做的努力非常值得加纳借鉴。近年来,中国政府制定了一系列的支持政策、投入了大量资金,大力促进秸秆利用,秸秆综合利用率逐年提高。目前,秸秆综合利用率已达到85%左右,一度严重的秸秆露天焚烧现象也得到了遏制。摸清秸秆资源家底、明确秸秆利用现状是政府制定秸秆利用政策的基础。目前,加纳在农作物秸秆资源量估算、秸秆利用方式和焚烧现状评价等方面的研究还比较缺乏。本研究...

【文章页数】：141 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
    1.1 INTRODUCTION
    1.2 STATUS OF CROP STRAW AND FIELD BURNING IN GHANA
    1.3 STATUS OF CROP STRAW AND FIELD BURNING SITUATION IN CHINA
    1.4 METHODS OF STRAW RESOURCES ESTIMATION
        1.4.1 The ratio of straw to grain
        1.4.2 Harvest index(HI)
    1.5 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE
    1.6 RESEARCH AIM
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY
    2.1 METHODS OF CROP STRAW UTILIZATION IN GHANA AND CHINA
    2.2 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL CROP STRAW YIELD ON REGIONAL BASIS IN GHANA
    2.3 SURVEY ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD STRAW UTILIZATION AND FIELD BURNING IN GHANA
        2.3.1 Description of the Study Area
        2.3.2 Sampling and data collection
        2.3.3 Estimation of crop straw yield
        2.3.4 Data Analysis
CHAPTER 3 CROP STRAW YIELD AND UTILIZATION METHODS IN GHANA
    3.1 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL STRAW YIELD AND VARIATION IN STRAW YIELD
        3.1.1 Estimation of straw from major cereals in Ghana
        3.1.2 Estimation of major legumes in Ghana
        3.1.3 Top five(5)regional distribution of straw from maize,rice,sorghum and cowpea
    3.2 THE "5F" UTILIZATION METHODS OF CROP STRAW
        3.2.1 Feed for Livestock
        3.2.2 Fertilizer as a soil fertility management
        3.2.3 Fuel for cooking(Energy)
        3.2.4 Fungi based material
        3.2.5 For Sale
        3.2.6 Other Uses
    3.3 DISCUSSION
        3.3.1 Total and Regional Straw yield Estimation
        3.3.2 Utilization of straw in Ghana
    3.4 MAJOR PROBLEMS OF STRAW UTILIZATION IN GHANA
        3.4.1 Inadequate policies and Incentives from Government
        3.4.2 Underutilization of Straw
        3.4.3 Inadequate Education and training
        3.4.4 Difficulties in Collection and Storage
CHAPTER 4 SURVEY ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD STRAW UTILIZATION AND FIELD BURNING
    4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS
    4.2 STRAW YIELD FOR MAJOR CEREALS AND LEGUMES
    4.3 FARM HOUSEHOLDS CROP STRAW UTILIZATION
    4.4 FARMERS' CROP STRAW FIELD BURNING PRACTICE
        4.4.1 Proportion of crop straw and farm size burnt
        4.4.2 Reasons for burning crop straw
        4.4.3 Negative effects of straw burning
        4.4.4 Determinants of future burning and Interventions to reduce straw burning
CHAPTER 5 STRAW UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA AND BAN ON FIELD BURNING
    5.1 CROP STRAW UTILIZATION IN CHINA
    5.2 FERTILIZER
        5.2.1 Returning straw to the field
        5.2.2 Biochar
    5.3 FEED
    5.4 FUNGAL BASE MATERIAL
    5.5 FUEL–ENERGY
        5.5.1 Direct combustion and straw briquettes
        5.5.2 Bioenergy
    5.6 FACTORY RAW MATERIAL
    5.7 SOLUTIONS TO HIGH COST OF STRAW COLLECTION,STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION IN CHINA
    5.8 CHINESE GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND REGULATIONS TO PROHIBIT STRAW BURNING
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    6.1 CONCLUSION
    6.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND GHANA
    6.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
RESUME



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