青海省和苏丹的气象干旱变化及其对植被影响的对比研究
发布时间：2024-05-11 18:39
(1)干旱作为最严重的自然灾害,是当前全球面临的主要自然威胁之一,干旱直接对人类、草地、牲畜、作物产量和社会经济发展产生直接影响。近年来,干旱指标研究已成为全球变化研究的热点。干旱也经常与其他自然灾害联系在一起,其发生范围广、持续时间长,不仅加剧了水资源供需矛盾,还对生态环境安全构成了威胁,并最终对社会经济可持续发展产生重要影响。中国是一个干旱多发国家,旱灾尤为突出,发生范围广。干旱主要分布在中国北方的西北和东北地区。青海省地处中国西北内陆干旱区。同样,苏丹也是一个旱灾频发国家,干旱主要分布在苏丹北部,并位于全世界最大的沙漠地区。而世界上干旱地区大多分布在亚洲、澳大利亚、非洲、北美和南美的西部地区。持续性干旱直接导致空气湿度和水分下降,影响到人类、牲畜和植物的生存,并对社会经济和自然生态产生直接影响。(2)本研究对比近53年中国青海省和苏丹的气候变化及干旱特征,主要基于SPEI、SPI和Pa气象干旱指数,研究时段为1961至2013年,同时根据2001-2013年NDVI变化分析气候变化对植被造成的影响。此外,本研究还分析了气候变化对苏丹和中国青海省草地造成的影响。通过对比青海省和苏丹...
【文章页数】：128 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abbreviations
Glossary
Abstract
摘要
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Advances in meteorological drought index
1.3 Advances in the study area
1.4 Study area
1.4.1 Qinghai Province
1.4.2 Sudan
1.5 Materials and methods
1.5.1 Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
1.5.2 Standard Precipitation Index (SPI)
1.5.3 Precipitation anomaly percent (Pa)
1.5.4 Mann-Kendall test (M-K)
1.5.5 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
1.5.5.1 Linear trend analysis (slope)
1.5.5.2 Correlation analysis
1.6 Layout of working plan
PART TWO: DROUGHT ANALYSIS IN QINGHAI PROVINCE AND SUDAN
2.1 Drought analysis in Qinghai Province
2.1.1 Variation of the annual precipitation and temperature
2.1.2 SPEI and SPI
2.1.3 Mann-Kendall (M-K) test
2.1.4 Correlation of the three drought indices with climate factors
2.1.5 Drought and flood of SPEI and SPI identify the typical drought events
2.1.6 Drought frequency spatial variation
2.1.6.1 Annual
2.1.6.2 Winter
2.1.6.3 Spring
2.1.6.4 Summer
2.1.6.5 Autumn
2.1.7 Drought trends and mutation detection
2.1.8 Actual comparison of SPEI and SPI indices in a high drought period
2.2 Drought analysis in Sudan
2.2.1 Variation of the annual precipitation and temperature
2.2.2 SPEI and SPI
2.2.3 Mann-Kendall (M-K) test
2.2.4 Correlation of the three drought indices with climate factors
2.2.5 Drought and flood of SPEI and SPI identify the typical drought events
2.2.6 Drought frequency spatial variation
2.2.6.1 Annual
2.2.6.2 Winter
2.2.6.3 Summer
2.2.6.4 Autumn
2.2.7 Drought trends and mutation detection
2.2.8 Actual comparison of SPEI and SPI indices in a high drought periods
2.3 Comparison of drought between two regions
PART THREE: NDVI CHANGING IN QINGHAI PROVINCE AND SUDAN
3.1 NDVI change in Qinghai Province
3.1.1 Vegetation cover of monthly time scale
3.1.2 The spatial distribution of vegetation cover
3.1.3 Spatial variation of vegetation cover
3.1.3.1 Annual
3.1.3.2 Seasonal
3.1.4 Relationship between vegetation cover and climate factors
3.1.5 Correlation of NDV with climate factors
3.1.6 Correlation of NDVI with three drought indices
3.2 NDVI change in Sudan
3.2.1 Vegetation cover of monthly time scale
3.2.2 The spatial distribution of vegetation cover
3.2.3 Spatial variation of vegetation cover
3.2.3.1 Annual
3.2.3.2 Seasonal
3.2.4 Relationship between vegetation cover and climate factors
3.2.5 Correlation of NDV with climate factors
3.2.6 Correlation of NDVI with three drought indices
3.3 Comparison of NDVI between two regions
PART FOUR: INFLUENCES OF DROUGHT IN THE TWO REGIONS
4.1 Influences of drought in Qinghai Province
4.1.1 Human being
4.1.2 Agricultural yield
4.1.3 Grassland and livestock
4.1.4 Gross Domestic product (GDP)
4.2 Influences of drought in Sudan
4.2.1 Human being
4.2.2 Agricultural yield
4.2.3 Grassland and livestock
4.2.4 Gross Domestic product (GDP)
4.3 Comparison the Influence of droughts between two regions
4.4 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in two regions
4.4.1 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in Qinghai Province
4.4.2 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in Sudan
PART FIVE: CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSTION
5.1 The main conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
Notes
References
Acknowledgements
作者简介
本文编号：3970269
【文章页数】：128 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abbreviations
Glossary
Abstract
摘要
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Advances in meteorological drought index
1.3 Advances in the study area
1.4 Study area
1.4.1 Qinghai Province
1.4.2 Sudan
1.5 Materials and methods
1.5.1 Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
1.5.2 Standard Precipitation Index (SPI)
1.5.3 Precipitation anomaly percent (Pa)
1.5.4 Mann-Kendall test (M-K)
1.5.5 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
1.5.5.1 Linear trend analysis (slope)
1.5.5.2 Correlation analysis
1.6 Layout of working plan
PART TWO: DROUGHT ANALYSIS IN QINGHAI PROVINCE AND SUDAN
2.1 Drought analysis in Qinghai Province
2.1.1 Variation of the annual precipitation and temperature
2.1.2 SPEI and SPI
2.1.3 Mann-Kendall (M-K) test
2.1.4 Correlation of the three drought indices with climate factors
2.1.5 Drought and flood of SPEI and SPI identify the typical drought events
2.1.6 Drought frequency spatial variation
2.1.6.1 Annual
2.1.6.2 Winter
2.1.6.3 Spring
2.1.6.4 Summer
2.1.6.5 Autumn
2.1.7 Drought trends and mutation detection
2.1.8 Actual comparison of SPEI and SPI indices in a high drought period
2.2 Drought analysis in Sudan
2.2.1 Variation of the annual precipitation and temperature
2.2.2 SPEI and SPI
2.2.3 Mann-Kendall (M-K) test
2.2.4 Correlation of the three drought indices with climate factors
2.2.5 Drought and flood of SPEI and SPI identify the typical drought events
2.2.6 Drought frequency spatial variation
2.2.6.1 Annual
2.2.6.2 Winter
2.2.6.3 Summer
2.2.6.4 Autumn
2.2.7 Drought trends and mutation detection
2.2.8 Actual comparison of SPEI and SPI indices in a high drought periods
2.3 Comparison of drought between two regions
PART THREE: NDVI CHANGING IN QINGHAI PROVINCE AND SUDAN
3.1 NDVI change in Qinghai Province
3.1.1 Vegetation cover of monthly time scale
3.1.2 The spatial distribution of vegetation cover
3.1.3 Spatial variation of vegetation cover
3.1.3.1 Annual
3.1.3.2 Seasonal
3.1.4 Relationship between vegetation cover and climate factors
3.1.5 Correlation of NDV with climate factors
3.1.6 Correlation of NDVI with three drought indices
3.2 NDVI change in Sudan
3.2.1 Vegetation cover of monthly time scale
3.2.2 The spatial distribution of vegetation cover
3.2.3 Spatial variation of vegetation cover
3.2.3.1 Annual
3.2.3.2 Seasonal
3.2.4 Relationship between vegetation cover and climate factors
3.2.5 Correlation of NDV with climate factors
3.2.6 Correlation of NDVI with three drought indices
3.3 Comparison of NDVI between two regions
PART FOUR: INFLUENCES OF DROUGHT IN THE TWO REGIONS
4.1 Influences of drought in Qinghai Province
4.1.1 Human being
4.1.2 Agricultural yield
4.1.3 Grassland and livestock
4.1.4 Gross Domestic product (GDP)
4.2 Influences of drought in Sudan
4.2.1 Human being
4.2.2 Agricultural yield
4.2.3 Grassland and livestock
4.2.4 Gross Domestic product (GDP)
4.3 Comparison the Influence of droughts between two regions
4.4 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in two regions
4.4.1 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in Qinghai Province
4.4.2 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in Sudan
PART FIVE: CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSTION
5.1 The main conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
Notes
References
Acknowledgements
作者简介
本文编号：3970269
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