16世纪后期佛罗伦萨衰落探源

  本文关键词：16世纪后期佛罗伦萨衰落探源，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

16世纪后期佛罗伦萨衰落探源

16世纪后期佛罗伦萨衰落探源

16世纪是世界历史的重要转折期,地理大发现和新航路的开辟,世界逐渐联系成一个整体。面对16世纪外部环境的巨变,曾被认为“政治开明、文化发达、经济富足”的佛罗伦萨也发生了变化：城邦政治崩溃,经济从停滞走向衰退,文艺复兴运动中心地位逐步丧失,城市发展日趋衰退,渐渐淡出世界中心舞台。作为文艺复兴中心的佛罗伦萨曾充满生机和活力,被众多艺术家视为圣地,大批才‘华横溢的艺术家在这里创作出传世佳作。佛罗伦萨为什么会全面衰亡?本文试图在前人研究的基础上,运用全球史的视角,对其理由进行多方面的考察。论文绪论部分考察国内外对16世纪后期起佛罗伦萨衰退的研究近况,然后围绕16世纪后期佛罗伦萨发生变化的导火索--意大利战争,浅析浅析了其对佛罗伦萨的影响。论文认为战争使城镇乡村遭到严重破坏,经济全面衰落,工商业出现大倒退。论文然后考察了16世纪后期佛罗伦萨城市衰退在政治、经济和文化上的表现。政治上,佛罗伦萨社会动乱,共和制崩溃；经济上,银行倒闭、毛纺织业衰落、国际贸易停滞；文化上,艺术中心地位的丧失、审美风格转变导致文艺复兴终结；社会上,道德下降、奢侈成风。这些变化是各种矛盾长期积累的结果。从全球史的视角,论文最后考察了16世纪后期佛罗伦萨衰退理由。论文认为：新航路开辟影响了欧洲对外贸易的格局；佛罗伦萨不再位于新的世界经济体系的中心；英、法民族国家兴起使弱小的意大利城邦国家相形见绌,再加上意大利半岛的动乱和纷争,这些理由使佛罗伦萨的衰落不可避开。

【Abstract】 The 16th century was an important transitional period in the history of the world when the Great Geographical Discoveries and the opening of the new sea routes connected the major parts of the world. Great changes took place in Florence then as the result of the changes of international environment. Republic politics collapsed, economy went from standstill to depression. Development in other aspects of the city life also stopped. Florence was no longer the center of Renaissance and gradually receded from the center of world history.Why did Florence decline? It should be remembered that Florence was once the capital of Renaissance regarded as holy by artists and radiating with vitality and artistic creativity. It was here that many artistic masterpieces were created.The reasons for the demise of Florence were many folded. The essay first reviews the current literature in the field and then started the exploration by examining the impact of Italian War on Florence. The war devastated the city and countryside, interrupted the economy and commerce. The damage was manifesting: republic polity disintegrated followed by political turmoil; wool industry and banking were no longer prospering resulting in the decline of international commerce; the change of artistic style marked the end of Renaissance. There was a moral degeneration and indulgence in luxury life. This was of course a result of long term evolution. The essay however tries to look at the problem from a global view, arguing that except for the frequency of war in Italian Peninsula, other reasons such as the shift of the locus of international trade routes away from Italy, the rise of powerful nation-states like France and Spain etc. contributed to the decline of Florence and the fate of Florence was doomed.

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  本文关键词：16世纪后期佛罗伦萨衰落探源，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。