澳大利亚对混血土著的“血统改造”

发布时间：2018-01-17 21:12

本文关键词：澳大利亚对混血土著的“血统改造”　出处：《历史研究》2013年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：澳大利亚白人与土著的长期交往导致土著社会萎缩,也造成了混血土著群体的出现。19世纪后期到第二次世界大战,随着纯血统土著被赶进保留地,澳大利亚逐渐把混血土著视为实现"白澳"理想的主要威胁。两次世界大战之间,"血统改造"成为澳大利亚处理混血土著问题的基本手段,鼓励白人男性与土著妇女婚配,以期逐渐清除混血土著后代的土著生理特征,最终把他们改造成为白人。第二次世界大战前后,"血统改造"最终宣告失败,澳大利亚转而对纯血统土著和混血土著实施同化政策。作为实现"白澳"理想的一个重要步骤,"血统改造"从一开始就深深烙上了种族主义的印记。
[Abstract]:The long association of white Australians with aborigines resulted in the shrinking of indigenous societies and the emergence of mixed indigenous groups from the late 19th century to the second World War, with the expulsion of indigenous people of pure descent into reservations. Australia has come to regard mixed-race aborigines as a major threat to the realization of the "White Australia" ideal. Between the two world wars, "descent modification" became the basic means of Australia's handling of mixed indigenous issues. White men were encouraged to marry Aboriginal women, with a view to gradually removing the indigenous biological characteristics of mixed indigenous descendants and eventually transforming them into whites. Before and after the second World War, the "transformation of lineage" was ultimately defeated. As an important step towards the realization of the ideal of "White Australia", the "revamp of lineage" has been marked by racism from the beginning.
【作者单位】：西华师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金后期资助项目“澳大利亚混血土著问题研究”(项目编号11FSS011)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K611;D761.1
【正文快照】： 1860年到1940年间,在澳大利亚的政治话语中,“half-caste”一词频繁出现,①用以指白人与澳大利亚土著生育的后代,即混血土著,以便与纯血统土著区分开来。②在此期间,澳大利亚各殖民地(州、领地)严格区分纯血统土著和混血土著,一方面坚信纯血统土著“注定灭绝”,将其限制在保留

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