赞比亚国家政治发展研究1890-2001

发布时间：2018-01-20 15:33

本文关键词： 赞比亚政治发展族群冲突社会分化西方干预　出处：《云南大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 绝大部分非洲国家于二十世纪六、七十年代通过民族运动取得独立,在接下来短短的几十年内,又都经历了十分相似的政治发展变迁历程。虽然取得了国家的独立,但是由于自然条件、历史原因的限制,至今仍然饱受灾害、贫穷、战争的困扰。西方发达国家始终把非洲当做试验田,当做实力较量的平台,强行把各自的经验、模式、意识形态等嫁接到各个国家,因此非洲一直以来都是国际社会关注的焦点。在非洲国家当中,位于南部非洲的内陆国家赞比亚,在1964年取得独立,之后经历多党到一党,又恢复多党的政体变迁,在非洲国家中十分具有代表性。同时赞比亚在其发展变迁的各个阶段,都没有发生战乱,而是通过和平选举、改革宪政的方式得以实现,又很具独特性。笔者对于赞比亚这种既具普遍代表性,又有自己明确特点的经济、政治发展历程抱有相当的兴趣。对于赞比亚所经历的政治体制变迁,几乎所有西方学者和非洲学者的观点都惊人一致:多党制的正确性和先进性是绝对的,多党制对于赞比亚的发展起到了巨大的推动作用,尔后卡翁达政权所建立的一党制是开历史的倒车,1991年一党制的崩溃,多党制的恢复,则标志着赞比亚政治发展重新回归正确轨道。通过对众多关于赞比亚历史和政治文献的剱集、研读,笔者个人则认为这种观点不够客观,有失偏颇,有明显的局限性。本文试图通过梳理赞比亚从被殖民至本世纪初的历史,从经济变迁、政党发展、族群问题、西方国家的干预这几个影响赞比亚政治发展的方面,探寻其政治发展的脉络,证明赞比亚政治进程的合理性与必然性。
[Abstract]:The vast majority of African countries gained independence through national movements on 20th century and 70s, and within the next few decades. Although they have achieved national independence, they are still suffering from disasters and poverty because of natural conditions and historical constraints. Western developed countries have always used Africa as a testing ground, as a platform for strength contest, and forced their own experiences, models, ideology and so on to be grafted to each country. So Africa has always been the focus of international attention. Among African countries, landlocked Zambia in southern Africa, which gained independence in 1964, has experienced a multiparty transition. The resumption of multiparty political change is very representative of African countries, and Zambia has not experienced war at all stages of its evolution, but through peaceful elections. The way of reforming constitutionalism has been realized, and it is very unique. The author is interested in the process of economic and political development of Zambia, which is both universal representative and has its own specific characteristics, and has a considerable interest in the political system changes experienced by Zambia. Almost all Western scholars and African scholars agree surprisingly: the correctness and advanced nature of the multiparty system is absolute, and the multiparty system has played a great role in promoting the development of Zambia. Later, the one-party system established by the Kaunda regime was the reverse of history, the collapse of the one-party system in 1991, and the restoration of the multi-party system. It marks the return of the political development of Zambia to the correct track. Through the collection of many historical and political documents on Zambia, the author personally thinks that this view is not objective enough and biased. This paper attempts to comb Zambia's history from colonization to the beginning of this century, from economic changes, political party development, ethnic group issues. The influence of the western countries on the political development of Zambia is to explore the context of its political development and to prove the rationality and inevitability of the political process of Zambia.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D74

【引证文献】