成本规避与印尼和马来西亚在打击马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪上合作形式的选择（1998-2008）

发布时间：2018-01-28 20:23

本文关键词： 成本规避象征性合作实质性合作马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪　出处：《复旦大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “成本规避”是指行为体对成本更为敏感。尽可能地降低成本、减少支出是行为体进行政策选择时的基本考量之一。“成本规避型合作”是指行为体为减少自身所需支付的成本而进行的合作,成本在行为体的合作关系中扮演核心角色。“成本规避型合作”既可以解释行为体为什么会选择“象征性合作”,也可以解释行为体为什么虽然不愿意,但是却不得不进行“实质性合作”。本文将以“成本规避”作为主线,分析印尼和马来西亚自1998年至2008年在打击马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪上合作形式的选择问题。马六甲海峡的战略位置十分重要。当前,马六甲海峡适用“过境通行制度”。从1998年到2004年7月之前,印尼和马来西亚之所以在打击马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪上选择“象征性合作”,是因为两国既想规避打击马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪的成本,又要规避来自海峡其他利益相关方指责或惩罚的成本。出于“反恐”和掌控战略要地的需要,2004年3月美国太平洋舰队司令托马斯法戈在美国众议院军事委员会上建议美国应派遣军队“协防”马六甲海峡。这激起了印尼和马来西亚的强烈反对。因为两国要规避国家主权受侵犯,对马六甲海峡控制权丧失以及国内政局稳定受到冲击的成本。这些成本是它们难以承受的。与此同时,印尼和马来西亚意识到继续维持在打击马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪上的“象征性合作”,将付出外交陷于被动、无法更新升级武器装备以及难以获得美国相关援助的成本。因为马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪而“得罪”美国明显得不偿失。2004年7月之后,印尼和马来西亚加强了在打击马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪上进行了“实质性合作”。两国不仅采取了一系列行动,而且还在多个场合承认海峡其他利益相关方的权利,并呼吁它们在尊重印尼和马来西亚主权以及《联合国海洋法公约》相关规定的基础上向两国提供资金、技术、设备和训练方面的援助。从目前的情况上来看,印尼和马来西亚在打击马六甲海峡武装抢劫犯罪上的“实质性合作”,基本上达到了有效遏制该犯罪以及防范其他跨国犯罪的目的。从长远来看,由马六甲海峡沿岸国家承担打击海峡武装抢劫犯罪的主要责任,其他利益相关方在尊重海峡沿岸国家主权以及相关法律的基础上向其提供资金、技术等方面的援助是遏制该犯罪的有效模式。
[Abstract]:"cost aversion" means that the actor is more sensitive to the cost and reduces the cost as much as possible. Reducing expenditure is one of the basic considerations when actors make policy choices. "Cost-averse cooperation" refers to the cooperation of actors to reduce the costs they have to pay. Cost plays a key role in the cooperative relationship of actors. "Cost-averse cooperation" can not only explain why the actors choose "symbolic cooperation", but also explain why the actors are unwilling. However, it has to carry out "substantial cooperation". This article will take "cost avoidance" as the main line. This paper analyzes the choice of cooperation forms between Indonesia and Malaysia from 1998 to 2008 in the fight against armed robbery in the Strait of Malacca. The strategic position of the Straits of Malacca is very important. At present, the "transit passage system" is applied in the Straits of Malacca from 1998 to July 2004. Indonesia and Malaysia chose "symbolic cooperation" in combating armed robbery in the Straits of Malacca because they want to avoid the cost of fighting armed robbery in the Strait of Malacca. Avoid the cost of blame or punishment from other stakeholders in the Strait. There is a need to "counter terrorism" and to take control of strategic locations. In March 2004 Thomas Fargo, commander of the US Pacific Fleet, told the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee that the United States should send troops to "assist in defense." The Strait of Malacca. This provoked strong opposition from Indonesia and Malaysia, which sought to avoid encroachment on national sovereignty. The cost of losing control of the Strait of Malacca and the impact on domestic political stability. These costs are unbearable. At the same time, Indonesia and Malaysia are aware of the continued "symbolic cooperation" in the fight against armed robbery in the Strait of Malacca, with diplomatic passivity. Unable to update and upgrade weaponry and the cost of obtaining United States-related assistance... Because the Malacca Strait armed robbery and "offending" the United States is clearly not worth the gain. After July 2004. Indonesia and Malaysia have strengthened their "substantive cooperation" in combating the crime of armed robbery in the Strait of Malacca. The two countries have not only taken a series of actions. The rights of other stakeholders in the Strait have also been recognized on numerous occasions, and they have been called upon to provide funding to Indonesia and Malaysia on the basis of respect for the sovereignty of Indonesia and Malaysia and the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Technical, equipment and training assistance. From the current situation, Indonesia and Malaysia in the fight against the Malacca Strait of armed robbery in the crime of "substantive cooperation." Basically achieved the purpose of effectively containing the crime and other transnational crimes. In the long run, the primary responsibility for fighting the crime of armed robbery in the Straits is borne by the countries bordering the Straits of Malacca. Other stakeholders provide financial and technical assistance to States bordering straits on the basis of respect for their sovereignty and relevant laws, which is an effective model for curbing the crime.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D734

【引证文献】