法国爱国主义研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 03:20

本文关键词： 法国爱国主义古典爱国主义共和爱国主义　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：爱国主义是个看似简单实则相当复杂的论题,特别是对于法国这样一个具有悠久历史和文化底蕴的国家。本文以法国爱国主义为研究对象,以历史为主线,以爱国主义内涵演进为依据,将法国爱国主义划分为两个大的阶段：古典阶段和共和阶段。古典阶段的爱国主义是一个纯粹的地理、文化概念,共和阶段的爱国主义则是个政治概念。二者之间的界点为1715年,因为它体现着“名副其实的转折”。古典阶段的爱国主义即1715年以前的爱国主义,具有明显的地理和文化特征,它的演进主要经历了三个阶段：起步阶段的古典爱国主义是对氏族或者部落的热爱,它是一种天然的感情,类似于子女对于父母的依恋；积淀阶段的古典爱国主义吸收了基督教的酵素,将对上帝的虔诚作为中心内容；发展阶段的古典爱国主义从上帝的天国复归到尘世,它以法兰西身份确立为起点,经历了对“法兰西母亲”的热爱,最终转变为对“法兰西父亲”的忠诚。 1715年之后的爱国主义,具有明显的政治内涵。为了明晰其发展轨迹,笔者选择“共和”这一从1715年开始在法国政治思想中占据重要地位的词汇为切入点,以“共和爱国主义”为关键词,对1715年之后的法国爱国主义进行考察。笔者将其划分为四个阶段：第一阶段是共和爱国主义的诞生。主要是从18世纪爱国主义话语建构中探寻共和爱国主义的痕迹,分析其产生的原因及最终转换为实践的过程；第二阶段是共和爱国主义的蛰伏。从拿破仑开始,法国爱国主义背离了1789年的传统,在实现所谓法兰西光荣之中走向了沙文主义的泥淖,并在紧接着的复辟王朝、七月王朝和第二帝国的统治之下继续丧失话语权；第三阶段是共和爱国主义的崛起。普法战争是共和爱国主义崛起的重要契机,此后经历了世俗化教育和传统的发明以及与国内各类思潮的博弈中日益巩固,并在1914年得以进发。虽然在两次世界大战中,共和爱国主义经历了几次反复,但对共和的热爱已经成为法国人生活的一部分；第四阶段是共和爱国主义的现代发展。在结束了维希政府统治和临时政府的短暂过渡之后,第四共和国得以确立。虽然第四共和国未能长存,但共和爱国主义并没有因此中断,它在第五共和国得以延续,并在悄然之中发生了重要的转型：由原来的应激反应转变为一种反省式的反应。可以说,现代法国共和爱国主义已经没有了战争年代的汹涌澎湃,但如绵绵细雨,润物无声。在未来,它将以更加多元的姿态、开放的情怀和文化的优雅迎接全球化和欧洲一体化所带来的挑战。结语部分首先对法国爱国主义进行回顾与反思。认为其具有自然性、文化性、乡土性、分离性和共和性等五大特点；同时对法国爱国主义的话语体系、法国爱国主义的形成要素、法国爱国主义的传承等问题进行反思,并对法国爱国主义的历史局限性进行了分析；其次,以法国为鉴,探讨我国爱国主义在新的历史时期所应作出的回应。笔者认为站在新的历史起点上的爱国主义应当与时俱进、应当贯穿国民教育的始终、应当用因特网来支持以及应当用其融合各民族；最后,对法国爱国主义研究存在的不足和未来研究的方向进行了简要的论述。
[Abstract]:Patriotism is a seemingly simple but complicated topic, especially in such a have a long history and cultural heritage of the country for France. The French patriotism as the research object, the history, the evolution of the connotation of patriotism as the basis, the French patriotism is divided into two stages: classical the stage and stage of the Republic. The classical patriotism is a purely geographical, cultural concept, Republic stage patriotism is a political concept. Between the two points to 1715, because it embodies the "worthy of the name '.
The classical phase of patriotism before 1715 patriotism, with geographical and cultural characteristics, its evolution mainly experienced three stages: the initial stage of the classical patriotism is the love of the clan or tribe, it is a natural feeling, similar to the children for parental attachment; accumulation stage classical patriotism absorbs the Christian faith in God will ferment, as the central content; the development stage of the classical patriotism from the kingdom of God to return to earth, it to the French identity as a starting point, through the love of the "French mother", eventually into loyalty to France "father".
After 1715 the patriotism has obvious political connotation. In order to clarify its development path, the author chooses the "Republic" from the beginning of 1715 occupies an important position in the French political thought in words as the starting point, "Republican patriotism" as key words, on 1715 after the French patriotism of the author. Is divided into four stages: the first stage is the birth of patriotism. Patriotism is mainly to explore the Republic from eighteenth Century patriotic discourse in the traces, analysis of its causes and ultimately converted into practice; the second stage is the dormant Republican patriotism. From the beginning of Napoleon, the French patriotism deviated from 1789 the traditional, chauvinism to achieve the so-called French glory in the morass, and in the wake of the restoration, the July monarchy and the rule of the Second Reich To lose the right to speak; the third stage is the rise of patriotism. The Franco Prussian War is an important opportunity for the rise of the Republican patriotism, after experiencing a secular education and traditional invention and game with various domestic trend in increasing, and embarked in 1914. Although in the two World War, Republic of patriotism after repeated several times, but the love of the French Republic has become a part of life; the fourth stage is the development of modern patriotism. At the end of a short transition of Vehid government and the provisional government of the Republic of China was established, fourth. Although the Fourth Republic failed to endure, but Republican patriotism has not interrupted and it continued in the Fifth Republic, and the occurrence of the important transformation in quietly: the transition from the original stress response as a reflective response to. Say, modern French Republican patriotism has no war surging, but as a drizzle, softly. In the future, it will be more diverse attitude, feelings and cultural open elegance meet brought by globalization and European integration challenges.
The conclusion part review and Reflection on the French patriotism. Think it has the natural, cultural, local, five characteristics of separation and the Republic of France; and patriotic discourse system, the formation of elements of French patriotism, French heritage of rethinking the problems of patriotism, and historical limitations of the French patriotism is analyzed; secondly, to France for reference, to explore China's patriotism should be made in the new historical period. The author thinks that the response to standing at a new historical starting point of patriotism should keep pace with the times, should run through the national education, should use the Internet to support and should be used the integration of all ethnic groups; finally, the shortcomings of research on French patriotism and future research directions are briefly discussed.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D756.5

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