美国信息产业利益集团政治参与的研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 20:45

本文关键词： 信息产业利益集团政治参与游说　出处：《复旦大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 20世纪90年代以来，以信息技术为基础的知识经济迅速发展，推动了美国微观经济运行机制、中观经济产业结构和宏观经济增长模式的深刻变革。随着信息产业成为美国经济增长的主要动力，一批围绕着计算机、互联网、半导体等信息技术领域的企业迅速崛起，英特尔、微软、苹果、太阳微系统、网景、甲骨文等公司已经成为美国“新经济”的象征。信息产业的快速发展带来的不仅仅是新商品、新技术、新的供应来源、新的企业组织形式，还为一个新的经济利益集团——美国信息产业利益集团的兴起提供了基本条件。在20世纪80年代之前，美国信息产业界政治参与的广泛性和深入性受到组织资源和财政资源的双重限制，当涉及行业集体政治行动时，美国信息技术产业界往往会陷入被动的局面。在行业协会不能承担起整合行业内部集体利益的状况下，美国信息产业很少作为一个整体来参与政府政策决策，，有利于美国信息产业整体行业利益的一些政策决策也大都来源于一些大型信息技术企业的政治参与的“溢出”效应。美国信息产业利益集团整体性的政治参与活动始于20世纪80年代的美日半导体贸易冲突，在这次事关行业存亡的危机事件中，美国信息技术企业开始以行业协会为纽带，开展了大规模的、持续的政治参与活动。在20世纪90年代，随着美国“新经济”的深入发展，基于“进攻性”和“防御性”动机两方面的驱使，美国信息产业利益集团政治参与的规模和范围不断扩大，并对诸如贸易政策、税收政策、科技移民政策、知识产权保护、出口管制等公共政策的制定产生了重要的影响。美国信息产业利益集团的政治参与活动究竟产生了多大影响?这是一个具有探索性的议题。研究美国信息产业利益集团的政治参与活动将有助于我们理解美国利益集团政治的运行模式和具体过程。同时，也为探讨美国信息产业利益集团和美国政府公共政策变迁之间关系提供了素材。因此，本文以重点研究了美国信息产业利益集团政治参与活动的历史、现状、资源和策略，并选取信息技术产品出口管制政策为案例，具体分析了美国信息产业利益集团在出口管制政策领域的政治参与活动。本文认为，在20世纪90年代中后期，美国信息产业利益集团已经成为美国国内政治舞台上一支不容忽视的力量。美国信息产业利益集团的政治参与冲击了传统工业界的原有政治地位，并逐步成为美国工业界的主要代言人之一；在选举政治中，美国信息产业利益集团成为了两党竞相争取的政治力量。此外，美国信息产业利益集团的政治参与对美国多元主义民主政治也产生了一定影响。由于集团内部仍存在较大的利益分歧，美国信息产业利益集团政治参与的未来发展将主要取决于集团内部利益的整合程度。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, the rapid development of the knowledge-based economy based on information technology has promoted the microeconomic operation mechanism of the United States. The profound changes in the industrial structure and the macroeconomic growth model of the meso economy. With the information industry becoming the main driving force for economic growth in the United States, a group of enterprises in the field of information technology, such as computers, the Internet, and semiconductors, have risen rapidly. Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Sun Microsystems, Netscape, Oracle and other companies have become symbols of America's "new economy." the rapid growth of the information industry has brought about more than just new goods, new technologies, and new sources of supply. The new form of enterprise organization also provides the basic conditions for the rise of a new economic interest group, the American information industry interest group. Before 1980s, the broad and deep nature of American information industry's political participation was limited by both organizational and financial resources, when it came to the collective political action of the industry. The information technology industry in the United States often falls into a passive situation. When industry associations cannot afford to integrate the collective interests within the industry, the information industry in the United States rarely participates in government policy decisions as a whole. Some policy decisions in favor of the overall interests of the information industry in the United States also come from the "spillover" effect of the political participation of some large information technology enterprises. Political participation of American Information Industry interest groups as a whole. The semiconductor trade conflict between the United States and Japan, which began in 1980s, In this crisis that concerns the survival of the industry, American information technology enterprises began to engage in large-scale and sustained political participation through trade associations. In 1990s, with the further development of the "new economy" in the United States, Driven by both "offensive" and "defensive" motives, the scale and scope of political participation of US information industry interest groups has been expanding, with regard to such issues as trade policy, tax policy, science and technology immigration policy, and intellectual property protection. The formulation of public policies, such as export controls, has had an important impact. How much influence did the political participation of American information industry interest groups produce? This is an exploratory topic. Studying the political participation of American information industry interest groups will help us to understand the operation mode and specific process of American interest group politics. At the same time, It also provides material for discussing the relationship between American information industry interest groups and American government public policy changes. Therefore, this paper focuses on the history, current situation, resources and strategies of American information industry interest groups' political participation. This paper also analyzes the political participation of American information industry interest groups in the field of export control policy by taking the export control policy of information technology products as a case study. This paper holds that, in the middle and late period of 1990s, The information industry interest groups in the United States have become a force that cannot be ignored in the American domestic political arena. The political participation of the information industry interest groups in the United States has impacted on the original political status of the traditional industry. And has gradually become one of the main spokesmen of American industry; in election politics, American information industry interest groups have become a political force competing for the two parties. The political participation of interest groups in the information industry in the United States has also had a certain impact on the pluralistic democratic politics of the United States. The future development of political participation of American information industry interest groups will mainly depend on the degree of integration of interests within the group.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：F49;D771.2

【引证文献】