尼泊尔、印度水资源政治关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 23:54

本文关键词： 尼泊尔印度水资源政治关系外来援助　出处：《外交学院》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 位于南亚次大陆的喜马拉雅山区国家尼泊尔是一个水资源极为丰富的国家,其国内的众多河流还蕴藏着巨大的水电潜能。同属一个国际流域的印度位于其下游,国内水资源匮乏,能源紧缺现象严重,是一个颇受水问题困扰的国家。尼国内水资源的治理和开发利用可以有效缓解印度目前面临的种种困境。因此,水资源政治关系成为架构两国总体双边关系的关键性因素,受到两国历届政府的高度重视。然而,由于两国实力的悬殊,丰水但国弱的上游国家尼泊尔在处理同贫水而国强的下游国印度之间的关系时,非但没能享有地理位置赋予的主导性优势,还因自身国力的贫弱而在内政外交诸多方面受制于印度的霸权,水资源的开发利用也处于印度的垄断之下。两国间这种存在较大偏差的不均衡对局自尼泊尔拉纳家族的独裁统治时期就已然形成,并延续了一个世纪之久。自20世纪60年代开始,尼泊尔走上了一条利用外来援助来谋求与印度之平等关系的道路,水资源自然成为这种外交努力的主要依托。尼泊尔政府利用印度对本国水资源治理开发的依赖,来实现其在政治、经济等方面旨在彰显尼泊尔独立主权国地位的利益诉求。但是,鉴于印度长期以来形成的特别是针对尼泊尔政治权力架构的强势影响,再加上国际大背景的不断变动,外来援助对于尼泊尔争取自主发展的积极辅助作用有限并呈现出不稳定的变化趋势。尼国内自20世纪90年代以来愈演愈烈的权势之争也影响着两国水资源政治关系的发展和走向。本文将在详尽的历史梳理的基础之上,对上述各方面内容进行系统的分析,力求将尼、印两国非传统的水资源政治关系连同以之作为核心部分的由第三方介入才得以形成的双边对局清楚的展现在读者面前,并运用博弈论的相关概念来对部分重点环节进行解读,使文章的分析更为严谨。当下,尼泊尔政局正经历着前所未有的变革,制定对印及其他援助供给国的政策,尤其是水政策无疑将成为新政府执政能力的一大考验。对此,本文也将进行论述。
[Abstract]:Nepal, a country in the Himalayan region of the South Asian subcontinent, is a country with extremely rich water resources, and many of its rivers have enormous hydropower potential. India, which is also an international basin, is located downstream. The shortage of domestic water resources and the serious shortage of energy are a country beset by water problems. The governance, development and utilization of domestic water resources in Nepal can effectively alleviate the difficulties facing India at present. Political relations on water resources have become a key factor in structuring the overall bilateral relations between the two countries, and have been highly valued by successive governments of the two countries. However, due to the disparity of strength between the two countries, Nepal, the water-rich but weak upstream country, has not been able to enjoy the dominant advantage given by its geographical position in dealing with its relations with India, a strong downstream country that is poor in water. Because of its weak national strength, it is also subject to Indian hegemony in many aspects of domestic and foreign affairs. The exploitation and utilization of water resources are also under the monopoly of India. The imbalance between the two countries has been formed since the dictatorship of Nepal's Rana family. And it lasted for a century. Since 1960s, Nepal has embarked on a path of using foreign aid to pursue equal relations with India. Of course, water resources have become the main source of this diplomatic effort. The Nepalese government has used India's dependence on the governance and development of its own water resources to realize its political role. Economic and other aspects are aimed at highlighting the interests of Nepal as an independent sovereign state. However, in view of India's long-standing strong influence on Nepal's political power structure, coupled with the constant changes in the international context, The positive role of foreign aid in Nepal's efforts for independent development is limited and shows a changing trend of instability. The growing power struggle in Nepal since 1990s has also affected the political relationship between the two countries' water resources. The development and trend of the Department. On the basis of a detailed historical review, this paper will systematically analyze the contents of the above aspects, and strive to make a thorough analysis of the contents of the above aspects. The untraditional political relationship of water resources between India and India, together with the bilateral relations formed by the intervention of third parties, which is the core part, is clearly displayed in front of the readers, and the relevant concepts of game theory are used to interpret some key links. Now that Nepal's political situation is undergoing unprecedented changes, the formulation of policies for India and other donor countries, especially the water policy, will undoubtedly become a major test of the new government's ability to govern. This article will also be discussed.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D735.5

【参考文献】