苏共高层领导人的理论素养与苏联兴亡关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 02:08

本文关键词： 马克思主义理论素养苏共高层领导人共产党执政社会主义兴衰成败　出处：《清华大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：论文把苏共高层领导人的马克思主义理论素养作为研究苏联兴亡的核心线索,以苏联党和社会主义事业兴衰成败的历史事件为依托,以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为基本研究方法,辅以历史学和政治学研究方法,论证了苏共高层领导人的马克思主义理论素养与苏联兴亡的内在联系。首先,论文总结了无产阶级领袖的历史作用及其发挥作用的前提条件,并从严格的概念上界定了马克思主义理论素养的内涵和基本表现形式。其次,论文详细阐述了五代苏共高层领导人马克思主义理论素养的实际状况与苏联党和社会主义事业兴衰成败的对应关系:以列宁为核心的苏共第一代领导人一流的马克思主义理论素养奠基了苏联党和国家的兴旺发达;以斯大林为核心的苏共第二代领导人具有优秀的马克思主义理论素养,探索了社会主义建设的“斯大林模式”并取得伟大成就;以赫鲁晓夫为核心的苏共第三代领导人平庸的马克思主义理论素养导致苏共理论与决策失误并为苏联亡党亡国埋下了潜在的政治危机;以勃列日涅夫为核心的苏共第四代领导人缺乏理论素养导致苏共意识形态和执政总危机;以戈尔巴乔夫为核心的苏共第五代领导人非马克思主义理论素养则将苏联彻底推进了亡党亡国的深渊。最后,论文得出三点基本结论:第一,无产阶级政党的民主集中制在社会主义初创时期还不完善,在对党和国家最高权力监督不够的情况下,党的高层领导人的理论素养和精神追求对于社会主义事业的兴衰成败带有决定性意义。正因如此,苏联共产党和社会主义制度的兴衰成败与苏共高层领导人的马克思主义理论素养直接相关。第二,丧失阶级立场、放弃阶级分析方法是赫鲁晓夫以降的苏共高层领导人思想与政治崩溃的起点。第三,自赫鲁晓夫以降的苏共高层领导人丧失共产主义理想信念是导致苏联亡党亡国的关键。论文最后强调:马克思主义、共产党领导和社会主义制度构成生命共同体,一损俱损、共生共荣,其中马克思主义是这个生命共同体的灵魂。不断提高无产阶级政党特别是党的高层领导人的马克思主义理论素养,是对共产党执政地位和社会主义制度能否巩固发展带有决定性意义的重大问题。在整个社会主义事业的建设和发展中,共产党高层领导人都必须自觉地加强马克思主义理论修养,政权必须牢牢掌握在具有优秀马克思主义理论素养的人手中。
[Abstract]:The paper regards the Marxist theoretical literacy of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of Soviet Union as the core clue to study the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, relying on the historical events of the success or failure of the Soviet Party and the socialist cause. Taking dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the basic research methods, supplemented by the research methods of history and political science, this paper demonstrates the inherent relationship between the Marxist theoretical literacy of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of Soviet Union and the rise and fall of the Soviet Union. This paper summarizes the historical role of proletarian leaders and the preconditions for their exertion, and defines the connotation and basic forms of Marxist theoretical literacy from a strict concept. The paper expounds in detail the relationship between the actual situation of Marxist theoretical literacy of the top leadership of the Soviet Party of five dynasties and the success or failure of the Soviet Party and the socialist cause: the first generation leader of the Soviet Communist Party, with Lenin as the core, is the first-rate horse. The theoretical literacy of Keshiism laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Soviet Party and the country. The second generation leader of the Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPC) with Stalin as the core has excellent Marxist theory accomplishment and has explored the "Stalin model" of socialist construction and has made great achievements. With Khrushchev as the core, the mediocre Marxist theoretical accomplishment of the third generation leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union led to the mistakes of the theory and decision-making of the Communist Party of Soviet Union and buried a potential political crisis for the Soviet Union to perish and subjugate the country. The lack of theoretical literacy among the 4th generation leaders of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPC), with Brezhnev as the core, led to the ideology of the Soviet Communist Party and the general crisis of ruling. With Gorbachev as the core, the non-Marxist theoretical literacy of the fifth generation leader of the Communist Party of Soviet Union has pushed the Soviet Union to the abyss of the annihilation of the Party and the country. Finally, the paper draws three basic conclusions: first, The democratic centralism of proletarian political parties was not perfect in the early stage of socialism, and without sufficient supervision over the highest power of the Party and the state, The theoretical qualities and spiritual pursuits of the party's top leaders are of decisive significance to the success or failure of the socialist cause. The success or failure of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the socialist system is directly related to the Marxist theoretical literacy of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of Soviet Union. Giving up the method of class analysis is the starting point of Khrushchev's ideological and political collapse of the Soviet Communist Party. Third, The loss of communist ideals and beliefs by Khrushchev's top leader of the Soviet Communist Party is the key to the demise of the Soviet Union. Finally, the paper emphasizes that Marxism, the leadership of the Communist Party and the socialist system constitute the life community, all of which are at the expense of all. Symbiotic co-prosperity, in which Marxism is the soul of this community of life, constantly improving the Marxist theoretical literacy of the proletarian political parties, especially the senior party leaders, It is a major issue of decisive significance to the Communist Party's ruling position and whether the socialist system can be consolidated and developed. In the construction and development of the entire socialist cause, The senior leaders of the Communist Party must consciously strengthen the cultivation of Marxist theory, and the political power must be firmly grasped in the hands of people with excellent Marxist theoretical literacy.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D751.2

【参考文献】