美国青少年移民社会融合政策的演变

发布时间：2018-02-26 10:42

本文关键词： 美国青少年移民社会融合政策启示　出处：《当代青年研究》2015年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：美国是一个由多族裔移民组成的国家,在关于青少年移民的社会融合政策方面,美国经历了"美国化""自由放任"和"选择性限制"三种政策范式的演变。"美国化"式的青少年移民社会融合政策促成了早期青年移民及其子女的归化,但它缺乏对其族群个性的尊重。"自由放任"式的社会融合政策赋予了青年移民及其子女个体、社区、民间组织等以自主地位,丰富了美国文化的多样性。"选择性限制"式的融合政策避免以单一化原则来应对所有青年移民及其子女的社会融合问题,但它并未真正实现其"反恐"和确保国土安全的政策初衷。这些关于青少年移民的社会融合政策对于当代中国城市的新移民(青年农民工、随迁子女、大学毕业生、外籍青年移民等)的管理与服务政策的完善具有重要启示,主要体现为对多元文化和青少年移民自主性的尊重、保障弱势青少年移民群体的合法权利、重视吸纳高层次的青年劳动力移民以及充分发挥社区和民间组织在青少年移民社会融合过程中的作用等。
[Abstract]:The United States is a nation of multi-ethnic immigrants, and in terms of social integration policies on adolescent migrants, The United States has experienced the evolution of three policy paradigms of "Americanization" "laissez-faire" and "selective restriction". The "Americanized" policy of social integration of adolescent immigrants contributed to the naturalization of early young immigrants and their children. But it lacks respect for its ethnic identity. The "laissez-faire" social integration policy gives independent status to young migrants and their children as individuals, communities, civil society organizations, etc. Enriched the diversity of American culture. "selective restrictive" integration policies avoid the principle of singularity to address the social integration of all young immigrants and their children, But it has not really fulfilled its original intention of "counterterrorism" and ensuring homeland security. These social integration policies on youth migration are for new immigrants (young migrant workers, migrant children, college graduates) in contemporary Chinese cities. The improvement of the management and service policy has important implications, which are mainly reflected in the respect for multiculturalism and the autonomy of young immigrants, and the protection of the legal rights of the disadvantaged migrant groups. Attention should be paid to absorbing high-level young labor migration and giving full play to the role of community and civil society organizations in the process of social integration of young migrants.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院社会学研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“资本建构、资本转换与新生代农民工的社会融合研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:13CSH038
【分类号】：D771.2

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