论西方官僚制理论的发展和演变

发布时间：2018-02-27 00:36

本文关键词： 官僚制批判演变平衡　出处：《西北大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 官僚制理论因为马克斯·韦伯的开创性研究而得以源起。韦伯的官僚制是一种“理想型”组织类型，以效率为中心，通过理性组织结构设计，完全祛除价值和情感因素，，寻求工具理性的最优。这种科学的方法与理性的思维得到了古典管理主义的回应，通过科学管理学派和过程管理学派的补充与完善，共同奠定了组织管理中工具理性的价值趋向，形成了官僚制理论的逻辑体系。官僚制理论自诞生开始就不断地遭到各方面的批评与指责，继对其完全理性、纯粹的工具理性，绝对的命令与服从提出了质疑之后，寻求市场化的回归将挑战和批判推向了顶点，并欲求范式上的超越。官僚制理论只是从一个方面对组织的结构和关系所进行的探讨，不代表关于组织研究的全部，批判的理论与官僚制一样都是对组织管理的有益探索。就目前看来，韦伯所开创的理性与科学的研究范式仍然起着作用，甚至是主导性作用。批判与挑战一般只限于对官僚制理论所提出的理性与非理性、工具理性与价值理性以及官僚制与民主政治、市场等几对变量的重新审视和界定，所以也只能说是对官僚制理论的修正与补充。修正与补充促进了官僚制理论的发展和演变，支持发展和演变的内在机制正是这几对变量之间的相互调适所寻求的平衡与协调。后现代的话语理论与交往理性对官僚制的理性可能形成了一定意义上的突破，但要实现全面的替代目前还不太可能。在中国现代化的历史进程中，用官僚制的理性与法治改造和克服传统社会的非理性与人治是必然的，也是实现公共行政法治化的必由之路。更为重要的是这个发展的过程必须依赖一种平衡的发展机制。我们追求理性，但并非绝对的理性，也非价值理性不变条件下的工具理性，而是适合中国社会政治经济环境的理性，并随着社会现实条件的发展而适时调整相应的价值理性。要发展官僚制，完成传统型官僚制向现代法理型官僚制的转变，但更应该寻求官僚制与民主、市场之间的平衡与协调，从而达到社会中的政府、市场、社会自治性组织及公民几方面的均衡发展。
[Abstract]:The bureaucratic theory was born out of Max Weber's groundbreaking research. Webb's bureaucracy is an "ideal" type of organization, centered on efficiency, designed to dispel value and emotion completely through rational organizational structure design. This scientific method and rational thinking have been responded by classical managementism, through the supplement and perfection of scientific management school and process management school, Together, it establishes the value trend of instrumental rationality in organizational management and forms the logical system of bureaucracy theory, which has been continuously criticized and criticized from the beginning of its birth, and then to its complete rationality and pure instrumental rationality. After the absolute command and service were questioned, seeking the return of marketization pushed the challenge and criticism to the top, and wanted to transcend the paradigm. The theory of bureaucracy is just a probe into the structure and relationship of organizations from one aspect. It does not mean that the whole study of organization, critical theory and bureaucracy, is a beneficial exploration of organization management. The rational and scientific research paradigm created by Weber still plays a role, even the leading role. Criticism and challenge are generally limited to the rational and irrational theory of bureaucracy. Instrumental rationality and value rationality, as well as bureaucracy and democracy, market and other variables are re-examined and defined, so they can only be said to be the revision and supplement of bureaucracy theory, which promotes the development and evolution of bureaucracy theory. The internal mechanism supporting the development and evolution is the balance and coordination that these two pairs of variables seek to adjust each other. The post-modern discourse theory and communicative rationality may have formed a breakthrough in the sense of bureaucracy rationality. But a comprehensive alternative is unlikely at the moment. In the historical process of China's modernization, it is inevitable to reform and overcome the irrationality and the rule of man in the traditional society by using the bureaucratic rationality and the rule of law. It is also the only way to realize the rule of law in public administration. What is more important is that the process of development must depend on a balanced development mechanism. We pursue rationality, but not absolute rationality, nor instrumental rationality under the condition of constant value rationality. It is a reason suitable for China's social, political and economic environment, and a timely adjustment of the corresponding value rationality with the development of the social realistic conditions. It is necessary to develop the bureaucratic system and complete the transformation from the traditional bureaucratic system to the modern legalism-oriented bureaucracy system. But we should seek the balance and coordination between bureaucracy and democracy and market, so as to achieve the balanced development of government, market, social autonomous organization and citizen in the society.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D523

【引证文献】