当代英国社会阶级结构研究
发布时间:2018-03-01 01:02
本文关键词: 英国阶 级阶 级结构 政治 工人阶级 中产阶级 出处:《山东大学》2005年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:本论文共分为七部分,各部分主要研究内容及观点如下: 第一部分为导论,将说明本选题的意义、依据、国内外研究现状及主要研究内容,对有关阶级和阶级结构的几个基本理论问题进行简要述评,探讨当代英国社会阶级和阶级结构变迁的社会和经济背景。 如何看待阶级和阶级结构问题,曾经在很大程度上直接决定着一个国家或社会许多重大政策的选择和制定。二十世纪后期以来,特别是到二十世纪末,当代西方资本主义社会在经济、政治、社会、文化等领域发生了巨大变迁,在这种形势下,如何来看待这些社会中的阶级、阶级结构以及阶级矛盾和阶级冲突,国内外不同学者的认识可以说有着天壤之别。但他们都不同程度地认为,现代西方社会的阶级和阶级结构从二战以后发生了巨大变化,阶级分析在政治、特别是国际政治领域不再具有像过去那样的重要地位,阶级更多地成为一个社会学的、而不是政治学的词汇。西方学者从上世纪七十年代以来对发达资本主义社会、尤其是对英国社会阶级结构比较有影响的综合研究主要有:吉登斯的《发达社会的阶级结构》(1973)、赖特的《阶级、危机与国家》(1979)、戈德索普等人的《现代英国的社会流动与阶级结构》(1987)、马歇尔等人的《现代英国的社会阶级》(1988)、博托莫尔的《现代社会中的阶级》(1991)、帕尔库斯基和沃特斯的《阶级的死亡》(1996)、罗伯茨的《现代英国的阶级》(2001),另外还有一些重要的专项研究。这些研究成果在对现代西方社会阶级结构变化的程度和后果的基本看法上,大体可以分为两类:一类是“阶级消亡论”,以吉登斯、帕尔库斯基和沃特斯等人为代表,认为“阶级正在消亡,大多数发达社会已经不再是阶级社会”,因此阶级政治分析的方法已经完全过时。如吉登斯认为,在过去的二、三十年中,世界发生了翻天覆地的变化,传统的社会主义、资本主义理论,传统的阶级政治分析方法,已经不能解释目前的政治现实。因此他主张另辟蹊径,超越传统的“左”与“右”的对立,走所谓“第三条道路”。另一类是“阶级存活论”,以博托莫尔、赖特和罗伯茨等人为代表,认为尽管当代西方社会的阶级和阶级结构发生了重大变化,但这些社会仍然是阶级社会,阶级仍然是政治的主要基础,因此阶级分析的方法仍然适用。在这类学者的一些论著中,还多少可以看到以往“左”的阶级观点的痕迹。
[Abstract]:This thesis is divided into seven parts. The main research contents and viewpoints are as follows:. The first part is the introduction, which will explain the significance and basis of this topic, the current research situation and main research contents at home and abroad, and briefly comment on several basic theoretical issues related to class and class structure. This paper discusses the social and economic background of class and class structure changes in contemporary England. How class and class structure are viewed has to a large extent directly determined the choice and formulation of many major policies of a country or society. Since late 20th century, especially by the end of 20th century, Great changes have taken place in the economic, political, social and cultural fields of the contemporary western capitalist society. Under such circumstances, how to look at the class, class structure, class contradictions and class conflicts in these societies, The understanding of different scholars at home and abroad can be said to be very different. However, to varying degrees, they all believe that the class and class structure of modern western society have undergone tremendous changes since the second World War, and class analysis takes place in politics. In particular, international politics is no longer as important as it used to be, and class is more of a sociological rather than a political term. In particular, the comprehensive research on the class structure of British society mainly includes: Giddens, Class structure in developed Society, 1973, Wright, Class. "crisis and the State." Goldthorpe et al. "Social Mobility and Class structure in Modern England." 1987. Marshall et al. "Social classes in Modern Britain." 1988-8. "Class in Modern Society" by Bottomore. "Class in Modern Society." Parkusky and Waters. "death of classes" in 1996, Roberts'"Class in Modern Britain" in 2001, and other important special studies. These results are based on the basic view of the extent and consequences of the changes in class structure in modern Western societies. It can be divided into two categories: one is the theory of class extinction, represented by Giddens, Parkusky and Waters, and other people, who think that "class is dying out," Most developed societies are no longer class societies, "so the analysis of class politics is completely out of date." as Giddens believes, the world has changed dramatically in the past two or three decades, with traditional socialism. The theory of capitalism, the traditional method of class politics analysis, can no longer explain the current political reality. Therefore, he advocates a new way to go beyond the traditional opposition of "left" and "right". Take the so-called "third way". The other is the "theory of class survival," represented by Bottomore, Wright and Roberts, who believe that despite the great changes that have taken place in the class and class structure of contemporary Western societies, However, these societies are still class societies, and class is still the main foundation of politics, so the method of class analysis is still applicable.
【学位授予单位】:山东大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2005
【分类号】:D756.1
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 钟云华;学生贷款与贫困生的社会流动:资本转化理论的扩展[D];华中科技大学;2010年
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