美国应急管理全社区模式:策略、路径与经验

发布时间：2018-03-09 05:26

本文选题：美国　切入点：应急管理　出处：《学术交流》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：美国作为世界上灾害管理理论研究和践行比较先进的国家之一,早在1997年就开始实施"减灾型社区"建设,并于2011年在全美境内开展应急管理的全社区模式项目实施。其实施策略为:理解社区多样性、强化与社区领导者的合作、建立公私合营的伙伴关系、授权地方行动和加强社区现有资源。之所以取得成效,是因为:构建了联邦、州、地方政府和社区的四级应急管理体系,各层级以及政府部门内部分工明确,协作密切,形成应急合力;美国多元主体协调配合政府与社区形成良好互动;调动社区居民应对突发事件的积极性,使之进行组织化参与。所有这些,克服了传统减灾过程中过分依赖政府部门的弊端,增强了社区居民防灾减灾意识,密切了政府部门与社区、私营部门与非营利组织的伙伴关系,提升了全社会的防灾减灾能力。
[Abstract]:As one of the advanced countries in disaster management theory research and practice in the world, the United States began to implement the construction of "disaster reduction community" as early as 1997. In 2011, the whole Community Model Program for Emergency Management was implemented in the United States. The strategies were to understand community diversity, strengthen cooperation with community leaders, and establish public-private partnerships. Empowering local action and strengthening the resources available to the community. The results have been achieved by building a four-tier emergency management system at the federal, state, local government and community levels, with a clear division of labour and close collaboration at all levels and within government departments. To form emergency response forces; to coordinate and coordinate with the government and the community to form a good interaction; to mobilize the enthusiasm of community residents to respond to emergencies and to make them participate in an organized manner. All of these, It overcomes the disadvantages of relying on government departments in the process of traditional disaster reduction, strengthens the awareness of community residents in disaster prevention and mitigation, strengthens the partnership between government departments and communities, the private sector and non-profit organizations, and promotes the ability of the whole society to prevent and reduce disasters.
【作者单位】：上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院;
【基金】：上海市优秀青年教师科研专项基金项目“上海市灾害风险认知影响因素研究”(SCD11009)
【分类号】：D771.2

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