理解拉美主要国家政治制度的变迁

发布时间：2018-03-09 12:21

本文选题：政治制度　切入点：国家改革　出处：《世界经济与政治》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：最近几年,拉美一些国家相继出现制度性或体制性危机,再次凸显该地区国家政治制度的脆弱性和缺陷,引发人们对拉美国家政治制度变迁趋势、挑战与出路等问题的深度思考。拉美国家在构建政治制度的道路上艰难探索,从最初普遍复制欧洲经验和移植美国模式,到逐渐结合本国特殊国情,探索政治制度的新模式、新形式和新出路。在民主政治建立、发展和巩固进程中,拉美国家的政治制度趋于成熟、完善、有效、稳定和多样化,制度框架趋于完备,宪政体系日益巩固,政党制度和选举制度趋于成熟,政府制度趋于稳定,制度形式由单一趋于多元,制度建设更加符合本国特殊政情和国情。但拉美国家的政治制度仍面临多重挑战,制度自身有一定程度脆弱性,制度能力相对滞后,制度的可信度不高,一些国家政治体制运转甚至有失灵的风险。拉美国家需要通过进一步改革和创新,破解和消除制度的脆弱性和缺陷,提高制度的效率和执行能力,消除传统政治文化中的负面因素,走出庇护主义和保护主义盛行的历史传统,减少制度性因素对国家发展和对外交往的约束。
[Abstract]:In recent years, institutional or institutional crises have emerged in some Latin American countries, highlighting once again the fragility and shortcomings of the political systems of the countries of the region, and triggering the trend of political system changes in Latin American countries. Deep thinking on the challenges and the way out. Latin American countries have been hard to explore on the road of building a political system, from copying the European experience and transplanting the American model at first, to gradually combining their own special national conditions to explore the new model of the political system. In the process of the establishment, development and consolidation of democratic politics, the political systems of Latin American countries have tended to be mature, perfect, effective, stable and diversified, and the institutional framework has become more and more complete and the constitutional system has been increasingly consolidated. The political party system and the electoral system tend to mature, the government system tends to stabilize, the form of the system moves from single to pluralistic, and the system construction is more in line with the special political situation and the national conditions of the country. However, the political system of Latin American countries still faces many challenges. The system itself has a certain degree of fragility, the institutional capacity is relatively lagging behind, the credibility of the system is not high, and some countries' political systems may even run the risk of failure. Latin American countries need to adopt further reforms and innovations. To address and eliminate the fragility and shortcomings of the system, to improve its efficiency and ability to implement it, to eliminate the negative elements in the traditional political culture and to move beyond the historical tradition of asylum and protectionism, Reduce institutional factors on national development and external relations constraints.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“非西方国家政治发展道路研究”(项目编号:15ZDA033)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D773

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