美国大选（2008-2016）中的中国议题探析

发布时间：2018-03-12 08:45

本文选题：中国议题　切入点：美国大选　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2008年全球性金融危机以后,美国的经济实力相对衰落,在国际事务中的领导地位有所下降,而中国作为发展中国家快速崛起,引起了美国上下关于对华政策的讨论,其中规模最大、频率最高且最具影响的,当数每四年一度的美国总统选举,两党候选人在初选和正式大选过程中都不断地以各种形式、各种立场、各种态度抛出中国议题,其内容几乎覆盖了美国公共政策的各个方面。美国大选中为何中国议题如此突出?本文拟以此为核心问题,梳理事实,解析原因,提出建言。本文的主要内容分为三个部分。第一部分主要对2008年金融危机后的三次美国总统大选中出现的中国议题进行分类梳理,并大致分为金融经贸类议题、外交战略类议题、台湾议题及人权议题等等。第二部分在梳理各类中国议题后,对其在美国总统大选中出现的背后根源进行深入思考。其原因主要有:第一,应对中国崛起,转移民众注意以缓解国内政府的压力;第二,受两党选举政治的驱动,为争取所属党派话语权进行政治营销;第三,中国议题迎合美国选民的偏好,可以争取华裔选民和摇摆州选民的关注及选票;第四,顺应利益集团和媒体的舆论潮流。对此,在第三部分中将在此基础上,对中国应对美国大选中的中国议题提出有效的思考和建议。中国应该积极加强中美战略沟通;创造性地加强中美公共外交,扩展人文交流;加强对外宣传,主动设置积极的中国议题,为中美关系稳步发展创造良好的舆论和人文环境。近年来,国内和国外学术界对于美国总统大选的研究不断增多,但大都集中在选举制度或者总统个人研究层面,对于大选中所涉及中国议题的研究成果较少。由于国际环境的变化,中国事务自2008年后开始在美国总统大选中从低级政治走向高级政治,在候选人议题中占据重要地位,因此本文将重点研究2008年金融危机后三次美国总统大选中所涉及到的中国议题。对中国而言,通过分析美国总统大选中所涉及的中国议题的内容及其产生的背后原因,不仅可以了解美国的政治文化和价值观,也对提出相应对策,维护中美两国关系稳步发展至关重要。
[Abstract]:Since the global financial crisis in 2008, the relative decline of the economic strength of the United States and the decline of its leadership in international affairs have led to the rapid rise of China as a developing country, which has led to discussions about the United States' policy towards China. Of these, the largest, the highest frequency and the most influential are the US presidential elections, which take place every four years. During the primaries and official general elections, candidates from both parties constantly throw out the Chinese issue in various forms, positions and attitudes. It covers almost every aspect of American public policy. Why is China so prominent in the US election? This article intends to take this as the core question, combs the fact, analyzes the reason, The main content of this paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly classifies the Chinese issues that emerged in the three American presidential elections after the 2008 financial crisis, and roughly divides them into the financial and economic issues. Diplomatic strategic issues, Taiwan issues, human rights issues, and so on. The second part, after combing all kinds of China issues, deeply ponders over the root causes behind the emergence of China in the US presidential election. The main reasons are: first, to deal with the rise of China. To divert the public's attention to ease the pressure on the domestic government; second, driven by bipartisan election politics, to conduct political marketing for the voice of their own party; third, the Chinese issue caters to the preferences of American voters. To win the attention and votes of Chinese voters and swing state voters; 4th, to conform to the trend of public opinion of interest groups and the media. For this, the third part will build on this. China should actively strengthen strategic communication between China and the United States; creatively strengthen public diplomacy between China and the United States; expand people-to-people exchanges; and step up propaganda abroad. Take the initiative to set up a positive China issue, create a good public opinion and humanistic environment for the steady development of Sino-US relations. In recent years, the research on the US presidential election has been increasing in both domestic and foreign academic circles. However, most of them are focused on the election system or on the level of personal studies of the President. The research results on the Chinese issues involved in the general election are relatively few. As a result of the changes in the international environment, Since 2008, Chinese affairs have moved from low-level to high-level politics in the US presidential election, and have played an important role in the issue of candidates. Therefore, this paper will focus on the Chinese issues involved in the three American presidential elections after the financial crisis in 2008. For China, by analyzing the contents of the Chinese issues involved in the US presidential election and the reasons behind them, It is important not only to understand American political culture and values, but also to put forward corresponding countermeasures to maintain the steady development of Sino-American relations.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2

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