从道德化贫困到能力贫困:论西方贫困观的演变与发展

发布时间：2018-03-14 13:14

本文选题：道德化贫困　切入点：“工具性”贫困　出处：《学习与实践》2014年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：西方贫困观演变可以追溯到古希腊-罗马时期,从苏格拉底等区分需求和欲求形成的"以穷为恶"的道德化贫困观开始,之后演变成中世纪时期基督教教义下的"以穷为荣"和文艺复兴以来祛道德化的"以穷为恶"。贫困观的祛道德化肯定了财富积累,从而为资本主义经济兴起初期产生的"工具性"贫困观提供了理论基础。在原始资本积累和市场经济扩张的进程中,古典政治经济学倡导的"工具性"贫困观适应了资本主义经济发展的需要,这也导致了西方资本主义国家在相当长的时期内依靠收入标准制定解决绝对贫困的措施。然而,市场经济不断更新着人们对需求的定义,"工具性"贫困观下的单维收入贫困对新环境下社会问题的解释力备受质疑。阿玛蒂亚·森能力贫困理论的提出则标志西方贫困观的根本性转变,能力贫困观以其实现了对贫困本质认知的回归为公众所接受,全球范围内的反贫困也在能力贫困观引致的"革命性"转变后转入多维贫困的视角。
[Abstract]:The evolution of the western view of poverty can be traced back to the ancient Greek-Roman period, beginning with the moralized view of poverty, which was formed by Socrates, which distinguished demand from desire. Then it evolved into the "pride of poverty" under the Christian doctrine of the Middle Ages and the "taking poverty as evil" by virtue since the Renaissance. The demoralization of the concept of poverty affirmed the accumulation of wealth. This provides a theoretical basis for the "instrumental" view of poverty that emerged in the early stages of the rise of capitalist economy, and in the process of primitive capital accumulation and the expansion of the market economy, The concept of "instrumental" poverty advocated by classical political economy adapts to the needs of capitalist economic development, which leads western capitalist countries to work out measures to solve absolute poverty by income standard for a long time. The market economy is constantly updating the definition of demand, and the interpretation of one-dimensional income poverty under the concept of "instrumental" poverty to social problems in the new environment has been questioned. The proposal of Amartya Sen's theory of capacity poverty symbolizes the West. The fundamental change in Fang's view of poverty, The concept of capacity poverty has been accepted by the public for its return to the recognition of the nature of poverty, and the global anti-poverty has turned to the perspective of multidimensional poverty after the "revolutionary" transformation caused by the concept of capacity poverty.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学中国社会保障研究中心;
【分类号】：D57

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