财政民主：美国联邦与地方财政中的政党政治

发布时间：2018-03-15 23:33

本文选题：财政政策　切入点：两党制　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：财政是政府从事公共管理和公共服务的经济基础,也是保障经济社会稳定发展的基础。在现代民主政治中,财政问题向来是各国政党之争的焦点,财政民主也成为现代民主政治的核心。在各国政治实践中,财政涉及中央、地方和基层或者联邦、联邦组成单位及地方和基层各个层面,各级和各类政府的财政关系也构成一个国家基本的和核心的利益关系及政治关系。也正因如此,各级政府的财政也成为政党政治的内容。本文以美国财政与政党政治作为研究对象,讨论和说明美国政党政治与财政的关系和相互影响。一方面揭示不同政党的财政主张和倾向,以及不同政党在联邦和地方不同层面的财政斗争及其对美国财政政策的影响；另一方面也分析财政问题对政党政治的形成、运行以及选举的影响。美国是一个联邦制的国家,两党政治是典型的特征。本文通过对美国不同历史时期两党财政政策的探讨,尤其是当前金融危机下两党财政政策的分歧的考察,分析政党政治对联邦和地方财政政策及财政关系的影响,以及财政问题成为美国民主的核心内容的机制。研究表明：美国是实行两党制和民主财政制度的国家,财政民主是其财政制度的主要特征,也是制定财政政策的出发点。一方面,由于美国民主、共和两党长期保留下的执政理念、意识形态以及利益取向不同,美国不同时期的财政政策往往带有政党的色彩。另一方面,虽然美国实行的是联邦、州和地方三级的分级财政管理体制,但是程序的民主性、法制性以及公民的主体参与性是它们共同的特征。
[Abstract]:Finance is the economic basis for the government to engage in public administration and public services, and also the basis for ensuring the stable development of the economy and society. In modern democratic politics, the issue of finance has always been the focus of the political parties of all countries. Fiscal democracy has also become the core of modern democratic politics. In the political practice of various countries, finance involves the central, local and grass-roots units or the federal units, as well as the local and grass-roots levels. The financial relations of all levels and all kinds of governments also form the basic and core interests and political relations of a country, and that is why the finance of all levels of government has become the content of party politics. This paper takes American finance and party politics as the object of study, discusses and explains the relationship and mutual influence of American party politics and finance. On the one hand, it reveals the financial opinions and tendencies of different political parties. On the other hand, it also analyzes the influence of fiscal problems on the formation, operation and election of political parties. The United States is a federal country, and bipartisan politics is a typical feature. This paper discusses the fiscal policies of the two parties in different historical periods of the United States, especially the differences between the two parties' fiscal policies under the current financial crisis. The analysis of the influence of party politics on federal and local fiscal policy and fiscal relations, and the mechanism by which fiscal issues become a core element of American democracy. The study shows that the United States is a country with a bipartisan system and a democratic fiscal system. Fiscal democracy is the main feature of its fiscal system and the starting point for making fiscal policy. On the one hand, because of American democracy, the Republican and Republican parties have different ideas, ideologies and interests in governing for a long time. On the other hand, although the United States has implemented a hierarchical financial management system at the federal, state and local levels, the procedure is democratic. Legal system and citizen's main body participation are their common characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D771.2

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