贸易自由化、国内否决者与国际贸易体系的法律化——美国贸易政治的国际逻辑

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:35

本文选题：贸易自由化　切入点：否决者　出处：《世界经济与政治》2013年06期

【摘要】：作为一种特殊形式的制度化,国际法律化主要表现为国际制度在义务性和授权性上的进展。从这两个维度上看,世界贸易组织的建立显著增加了国际贸易体系的法律化程度。国际制度的进一步法律化不仅影响到国家间关系,而且具有重要的国内政治效应。如果国内否决者具有贸易保护的偏好,国家行为体在国内政治制度下将难以实现贸易自由化的目标。但是,国家行为体在国际合作的法律化进程中具有其他国内否决者难以获得的议程设定优势和信息优势。此外,国家行为体也可运用国际制度法律化所带来的社会影响和动员机会来克服其他否决者的阻碍。在美国贸易政治中,总统比国会具有更大的自由贸易倾向。当总统与国会在贸易政策上的偏好显著不同时,总统通过支持国际贸易体系的法律化来推动贸易自由化。世界贸易组织成立后,美国贸易政治的演变业已表明,国际制度的法律化降低了行政机构在国会压力下的脆弱性。在其他一些国家的国内贸易政治中,国际贸易体系的法律化也可以作为增强国家自主性的工具。
[Abstract]:As a special form of institutionalization, international legalization is mainly manifested in the progress of the international system in terms of obligations and authoritation.From these two dimensions, The establishment of the World Trade Organization has significantly increased the legalization of the international trading system. The further legalization of the international system not only affects relations among States, And it has important domestic political effects. If domestic vetoes have a preference for trade protection, it will be difficult for national actors to achieve the goal of trade liberalization under the domestic political system. National actors have agenda setting and information advantages in the process of legalizing international cooperation that are difficult for other domestic vetoes to obtain... in addition, National actors can also use the social impact and mobilization opportunities of the legalization of the international system to overcome the obstacles of other vetoes... in United States trade politics, The president has a greater tendency to free trade than Congress. When the president and Congress have significantly different preferences on trade policy, the president promotes trade liberalization by supporting the legalization of the international trading system. After the establishment of the World Trade Organization, The evolution of trade politics in the United States has shown that the legalization of the international system has reduced the vulnerability of the executive to congressional pressure. The legalization of the international trading system can also serve as a tool to enhance national autonomy.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助)项目“国内政治制度与国际规范的扩散”(批准号:12XNJ007)的成果
【分类号】：D771.2;F757.12

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