论民族主义与宪政

发布时间：2018-03-27 16:34

本文选题：民族主义　切入点：自由主义　出处：《武汉大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】：民族主义是学术领域一个具有开放性并极富争议的命题。不仅不存在一个统一的关于民族主义的理论,更没有以学术传统为依据的民族主义学流派。尽管民族主义本身歧异丛生,但民族主义的核心观念仍是明确的。本文试图从民族与国家这两个民族主义的基本构成要素出发,对民族主义与宪政之间的关联进行梳理。本文认为,作为一项政治学理论,民族主义学说在一定程度上反映了宪政的历史与现状；作为一种文化样态,民族主义是宪政制度的文化基础之一；作为一支重要的政治力量,民族主义更参与了宪政形成与发展的全过程。全文通过四章论证上述主题：第一章,从民族主义概念入手,阐明民族主义复杂的理论层面,并针对民族主义运动所极易呈现的极端表现进行分析。在此基础上,本文对民族主义采取了一种偏向现代主义的理解模式,将近代民族的形成与民族国家的兴起视为民族主义的起点。由此,民族主义为我们提供的“用以应对和处理国家权力的合法性、政府和社会以及个人之间关系”的思维方式和制度设计思路都将对宪政的建立与发展产生影响。第二章,以民族国家历史演进以及民族主义观念变化为视角,认为在社会结构变迁下诞生的民族主义是近代西欧民族国家建构的根本动力,也是宪政赖以生长的历史前提；民族国家建立之后,民族主权观念向人民主权观念过渡,以身份归属为中心的民族认同已经成为宪政实施的意向条件,宪政由此被标注了民族主义的观念印记。民族主义观念的分化实则为国家的权力构造和权力治理提供了充分的自由空间,宪政理论则致力于在其中求得平衡。第三章,基于民族主义立场,关注对自由主义宪政的价值自省和修正。民族主义价值观与宪政精神之间的内在张力确为自由主义价值与民族主义价值相异的表现。但民族主义与自由主义不仅共生,更可共融,与其说两者存在冲突与排斥,不如说它们在张力中相互依存。民族主义对“特殊性”的关注更是对自由主义宪政理念的重要补充。本文认为,在各种价值诉求之间建立均衡,方才为宪政观念与实践不断进行价值修正和自我完善之道。第四章,将视角转向宪政的未来,宪政对民族主义价值诉求的应对也即文化认同与制度认同之间的协调问题。民族主义将构建文化多元的团结社会纳入宪政诉求,这也要求在立宪主义下实现民族与国家关系重整：民族主义向文化领域回归的同时,也作为一种文化样态推进着国家政治认同与宪法认同。近代中国民族国家建构过程中自由主义的缺位造成宪政发展困阻重重,但对于宪政理念内涵而言,民族主义仍是一种必需品。有鉴于此,本文认为宪政在自由主义价值注入的前提下,求得在自由主义价值诉求与民族主义价值诉求间的妥协,实为我们认知民族主义与宪政之间关联的意义所在。
[Abstract]:Nationalism is an open and controversial proposition in the academic field. There is no nationalist school based on academic tradition. Although nationalism itself is diverse, the core concept of nationalism is still clear. This paper attempts to proceed from the two basic elements of nationalism: nationality and state. As a political theory, nationalism theory reflects the history and present situation of constitutionalism to a certain extent, as a cultural model. Nationalism is one of the cultural foundations of the constitutional system, and as an important political force, nationalism has participated in the whole process of the formation and development of constitutionalism. The first chapter, starting with the concept of nationalism, clarifies the complex theoretical aspects of nationalism, and analyzes the extreme manifestations of nationalist movements. This article adopts a kind of understanding mode which is biased towards modernism to nationalism, and regards the formation of modern nation and the rise of nation-state as the starting point of nationalism. The way of thinking and institutional design provided by nationalism for us to deal with and deal with the legitimacy of state power and the relationship between government, society and individuals will have an impact on the establishment and development of constitutionalism. In the second chapter, from the perspective of the historical evolution of the nation-state and the change of the concept of nationalism, the author thinks that the nationalism born under the change of the social structure is the fundamental motive force for the construction of the nation-state in modern Western Europe and the historical premise on which constitutionalism is based. After the establishment of the nation-state, the concept of national sovereignty has transitioned to the concept of sovereignty of the people, and the national identity centered on identity has become the intended condition for the implementation of constitutionalism. Constitutionalism is marked with the imprint of nationalism, and the differentiation of nationalism provides a free space for the power construction and power management of the country, and the constitutional theory is devoted to the balance among them. Chapter three, based on nationalism, The inner tension between the values of nationalism and the spirit of constitutionalism is a manifestation of the difference between the value of liberalism and the value of nationalism, but nationalism and liberalism are not only symbiotic, Rather than conflict and exclusion, they depend on each other in tension. Nationalism's concern for "particularity" is an important supplement to liberal constitutional ideas. Establishing a balance among all kinds of value demands is the way to constantly revise and improve the value of constitutionalism concept and practice. In the fourth chapter, we turn to the future of constitutionalism. The response of constitutionalism to the value demand of nationalism is the coordination between cultural identity and institutional identity. Nationalism brings into the constitutional appeal the construction of a culturally diverse solidarity society. It also calls for a renaissance of relations between nations and states under constitutionalism: the return of nationalism to the cultural sphere, The absence of liberalism in the process of the construction of the modern Chinese nation-state caused many obstacles to the development of constitutionalism, but as for the connotation of the constitutional concept, it also promoted the national political identity and the constitutional identity. Nationalism is still a necessity. In view of this, this paper argues that constitutionalism, on the premise of the injection of liberalism value, seeks a compromise between liberalism value demand and nationalism value demand. In fact, we recognize the significance of the relationship between nationalism and constitutionalism.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D562

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