美国品格教育研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 15:29

本文选题：品格　切入点：品格教育　出处：《复旦大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文从对美国品格教育的深层理论基础及其重要内涵解读的角度,讨论了美国品格教育的多个维度及其对我国品格教育的助益和启示。在现代性范式的背景下,美国品格教育研究作为近年来在个人道德建设领域中的显学,日益引起众多学者的关注。全球化和现代性图景构成了当下品格教育研究的历史性背景,于是,我们在反思和审视“当代视阈下的中国品格教育”问题时就必须建构一种“基于关系性的比较视角”,中国品格教育必须通过广泛吸纳包括美国在内的其他国家在品格教育领域留下来的经验和智慧,经由“基于关系性的比较视角”和“共时性视角”的建构去重构既适应现代性又超越现代性的中国品格教育,并据此建构聚合了中国传统文化和全球化背景下现代性道德教育时代特征的具有本土特色的中国自己的品格教育理想图景。美国品格教育是现代性背景下品格教育的典型,其所积累的经验教训对于我国品格教育的当代建构具有不可忽视的重要现实意义。它山之石,可以攻玉,随着品格教育普适性内容的增加,中国品格教育正在面临着美国曾经并正在面对的挑战,主动积极的通过吸取美国品格教育的经验教训来推动我国品格教育的良性发展已经成为我国品格教育界的基本共识。改革开放以来,国内的品格教育界从未停止对于美国品格教育研究的步伐,主要是围绕着对于美国品格教育的总体图景介绍来展开的,这属于睁开眼睛看美国品格教育宏观架构的时期,但在今天的社会转型期,对于美国品格教育的研究已经非常有必要从概览的宏观图景式研究深入到微观的深层透视研究层进而推进到对于其可操作性内容的精细研究层面。美国品格教育曾经面临的一大困境就是基于认知主义将品格教育智育化后所造成的品格之教和品格之育的冲突和矛盾。这些潜藏在品格教育深层的内核问题具有一种相对的普遍性,其对他国的借鉴意义不言而喻。美国品格教育是西方品格教育在现代性背景下的重要衍生之一,具有悠久的品格教育传统。无论是亚里士多德在《尼各马可伦理学》中所诠释的德性伦理的品格教育范式还是柏拉图在《理想国》中所建构的强调道德推理、认知和道德判断的品格教育范式都揭示了隐喻在品格教育潜流层中源远流长的德性传统和道德谱系。对美国品格教育这一德性传统之片段的深入研究不仅能够凸显现代性范式下我国品格教育能够获益的启示,也能在美国品格教育的个性中彰显品格教育完整的图式。因此,本文旨在通过深入到美国品格教育整体图景的内部去探幽其可以为我国品格教育在实然层面切实借鉴的具有可操作性的有效路径和方法。本文认为要把美国品格教育放在西方整体道德教育的传统中进行考察,在此基础之上,还需要结合心理学,特别是积极心理学的最新成果来勾勒出美国品格教育的结构和功能并进一步钩沉出美国品格教育的范畴。本论文主要包括六个章节。第一章品格教育基本理念探究主要是通过深入到美国品格教育宏观体系的内部去整合涉及到品格的内核性理论,包括品格的结构、品格的功能、品格的范畴等。第二章美国品格教育的伦理学基础,从源头上把握美国品格教育背景、演变、挑战与伦理学学理支撑,力图厘清美国品格教育的纵深架构和纹理。第三章美国品格教育的心理学基础,因为柯尔伯格的道德发展理论、积极心理学对于美国品格教育起了不可替代的作用。第四章美国品格教育的哲学基础,主要阐述美国品格教育背后杜威的生活即德育思想、实用主义传统、个人主义传统,以及托克维尔在《论美国的民主》一书中所赞扬的公民组织精神,亦即共同体主义或社群主义精神。可以说,不真正了解美国的哲学传统,就无法真正的了解美国品格教育的精髓。第五章美国品格教育基本范畴,重点阐述了美国品格教育范畴体系中的智慧、勇气、人道关爱、公平正义、节制、超越性等六大德性之下的二十多项品格范畴的具体内涵及其重要意义。第六章是对美国品格教育的评论与反思,对于美国品格教育范畴的特征、方法、以及相关重大问题进行了分析,如规范与品格的悖论、强势的公共生活领域对品格教育构成的挑战、社会结构的复杂性催生的环境复杂性映衬出的美国品格教育过于倚重心理学的脆弱性、美国品格教育的局限性等。同时,在对美国品格教育进行深刻反思的基础之上试图批判性的汲取美国品格教育中值得我们借鉴的积极成分。
[Abstract]:This article from the deep theoretical basis of American character education and its important connotation of the angle, discusses the multiple dimensions of American character education and help and inspiration for our character education. In the modern paradigm in the context of American character education research in recent years as a people in moral construction in the field of learning, has attracted more and more the attention of many scholars.
Globalization and the prospect of modernity constitute the character education research the historical background, so we look at the "education" from the perspective of contemporary China character in reflection and when it is necessary to construct a "Comparative Perspective" relationship based on China character education must be absorbed by other countries including the United States to stay experience and knowledge in the field of character education, through the construction of "based on the comparative perspective of the relationship between" and "synchronic perspective" to reconstruct not only adapt to the education Chinese modernity and beyond modernity, and then construct polymerization of the modern moral education characteristics of the times and Chinese traditional culture under the background of Globalization with Chinese characteristics. China own character education ideal.
The American character education is a typical character education under the background of modernity, the experience accumulated has important practical significance can not be ignored for the contemporary construction of Chinese character education. It mountain of stone, jade, along with the increase of character education universal content, China character education is facing the United States has been the challenges actively through the lessons of American character education to promote the healthy development of Chinese character education has become a basic consensus of Chinese character education. Since the reform and opening up, China's character education for the study of character education has never stopped the pace of the United States, mainly around the overall picture of the character the introduction of education to expand, which belongs to open your eyes and see the macro structure of American character education period, but in today's social transition period, the American character education The research is very necessary. From the overview of macroscopic picture research to the microscopic deep perspective, we can further advance the research level to the fine level of its operable content.
A major dilemma of American character education has faced is based on cognitive conflict and contradictions caused by intellectual character education after the character teaching and character education. These have a common hidden in the kernel problem of character education relatively deep, the significance of his country's American character education is self-evident. Is one of the most important derivative of Western character education in the context of modernity, has a long tradition of character education. It is emphasized the moral reasoning of virtue ethics, Aristotle in the interpretation of < > in the Nicomachean Ethics character education paradigm and Platon construct in the < > in the ideal state, cognitive and moral judgment paradigm reveal character education the metaphor has a long history in character education in the traditional virtue and the subsurface layer of moral pedigree. The further study of this segment of the American character education not only the traditional virtue It is able to highlight the Enlightenment of our character education under the paradigm of modernity, and to highlight the schemata of integrity in character education in the character education of the United States.
Therefore, this paper aims to penetrate into the overall picture of American character education to explore the effective way and the method can have the operability of the Chinese character education in the practical level and reference. The thesis thinks the American character education on the overall moral education of the Western tradition were investigated. On this basis, also need to the combination of psychology, especially the latest achievements of positive psychology to outline the structure and function of American character education and further study of American character education.
This paper mainly includes six chapters.
The first chapter is the exploration of the basic concepts of character education, mainly through the deep going into the macro system of the character education in the United States, integrating the core theory of character, including the structure of character, the function of character and the category of character.
The second chapter is the ethical foundation of character education in America. From the source, we grasp the background, evolution, challenges and ethical support of American character education, trying to clarify the depth structure and texture of American character education.
The third chapter is the psychological basis of character education in America. Because of Kohlberg's theory of moral development, positive psychology plays an irreplaceable role in American character education.
The philosophical foundation of the fourth chapter of American character education, mainly elaborates the character education behind Dewey's life is the traditional moral education thought, pragmatism, individualism, and civic organizations Tocqueville praised in "democracy in America" a Book of the spirit, namely communitariand or communitarianism spirit. It can be said that without real understanding of traditional American philosophy that cannot really understand the essence of American character education.
The fifth chapter is the basic category of character education in America. It focuses on the specific connotation and significance of the more than 20 character categories under the six virtues of American character education system, such as wisdom, courage, humanity care, fairness and justice, moderation and transcendence.
The sixth chapter is the review and reflection of American character education, the characteristics of American character education category method, and the related issues are analyzed, such as the paradox of norms and character, the character education constitutes a strong public life challenges, vulnerability of social structure complexity against complex spawned out the United States rely too heavily on the psychology of character education, character education limitations. At the same time, try to on the basis of profound reflection on the American character education is critical to absorb the positive part of the American character education worthy of our reference.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D771.2

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