苏联共产党的执政理论及其实践研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 10:20

本文选题：政党 + 执政党　；参考：《南开大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本论文以“苏联共产党的执政理论及其实践研究”为题,旨在通过梳理苏联共产党自执政以来的执政理论及相应的执政实践,为中国共产党执政建设提供经验和借鉴意义。本文以马列主义为指导思想,坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,采用文献分析法、对比研究法及逻辑与历史相统一的方法进行研究。全文由导论、正文五章及结束语三部分组成。导论部分主要介绍了本论文选题的背景,研究意义,综合评析了国内外相关研究现状,阐述了主要采用的研究方法及论文的重点、难点和创新点。第一章,首先对本论文相关核心概念进行了界定。随后,主要分析了马克思、恩格斯相关著作中有关无产阶级政党的学说和理论,指明了苏联共产党执政理论的源泉。并进一步研究第一个无产阶级政权——巴黎公社的实施,总结其经验和启示。第二章,详细研究了列宁执政时期的执政理论和实践。列宁在整个苏联共产党执政理论的历史上具有开端性的引导作用,因此,本文对其执政时期进行了比较全面、深入的研究。在对《列宁文集》、《列宁选集》和同时期俄共(布)代表大会的文件等内容进行比较深入研读的基础上,并结合列宁执政时期的环境背景等因素,提炼出了列宁执政时期的执政理论,列宁在执政期间能够及时调整执政政策,同时注重加强执政党的建设。包括一党执政、坚持无产阶级专政、学会“管理俄国”、密切联系群众等。第三章,分析了斯大林执政时期的执政理论及其实践。斯大林在苏联的执政时间长达30年,形成了高度集中的经济政治体制,这一时期对苏联的整个发展历史影响最大。在对外关系中,斯大林为了维护苏联国家安全利益,将苏联社会主义模式强制在其他社会主义国家推行,以壮大社会主义阵营并与美国抗衡。斯大林时期苏联共产党的执政理论主要有：“党是无产阶级专政的工具”,由党内民主演变为个人集权制政党等。本章在最后一节从贡献和弊端两个角度分析了斯大林在苏联历史上及国际上的作用。第四章,研究了赫鲁晓夫至戈尔巴乔夫执政时期的执政理论和实践。这几个历史阶段的执政理论主要有：赫鲁晓夫提出的“非斯大林化”运动、执政初期的农业改革、“全民国家”和“全民党”的理论、带有“左倾”色彩的三和路线等；勃列日涅夫时期改革停滞、坚持“左”倾、向第三世界扩张以及大力发展军备的执政理论；安德罗波夫时期的大胆改革工作,为发展国民经济和提高人民福利事业方面取得的进展作出了贡献；契尔年科时期对安德罗波夫政策的继承,把意识形态工作作为全党的事业的执政理念和重视教育改革的执政理念；戈尔巴乔夫时期进行经济改革和政治改革研究、提出走“人道的、民主的社会主义道路”、放弃社会主义目标等理论。在本章最后一节,论文从苏联共产党执政理论的角度分析了苏共垮台的原因。第五章,研究了苏联共产党执政理论的影响。首先分析苏联共产党执政理论给东欧各国带来的影响。由于东欧各国的历史发展过程与苏联共产党的执政理论具有千丝万缕的关系,因而,对其进行研究分析,可以得出相关的经验教训。主要以苏联各任领导人的执政时期为背景,分析了苏联各领导人的执政理论对东欧的影响,然后从东欧共产党的执政理论出发分析了东欧剧变的原因。接下来,研究了苏联执政党执政理论对中国的影响。最后,综合概括了新一届领导集体的责任担当,提出了全面深化改革和全面建设小康社会的目标,提出了“五位一体”发展战略及加强党的建设、重视军队和国防建设、培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观等理论。结束语部分重申了本文的研究结论,即中国共产党作为执政党在执政过程中必须坚持马克思主义中国化,坚持走中国特色社会主义发展道路，，保持党的先进性与纯洁性,全心全意为人民服务。在执政过程中还应当加强执政党建设,防止官僚主义和有违于“人民公仆”的不良作风等,以战略思想谋全局,以思想力量推动改革的步伐,更好地推进中国特色社会主义现代化建设。
[Abstract]:Based on Marxism - Leninism as the guiding ideology , dialectical materialism and historical materialism , this paper studies the unification of dialectical materialism and historical materialism by means of literature analysis , comparative research method and logic and history .

The thesis consists of three parts : Introduction , Text 5 and Conclusion .

The introduction part mainly introduces the background , research significance and comprehensive evaluation of the relevant research situation at home and abroad , and expounds the main research methods and the key points , difficulties and innovation points of the thesis .

In the first chapter , the core concept of the thesis is defined first . Then , the author mainly analyzes the theory and theory of the proletariat political party in Marx and Engels , and points out the source of the theory of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union .

In the second chapter , the power theory and practice of Lenin ' s ruling period are studied in detail .

In the third chapter , the governance theory and practice of Stalin ' s ruling period are analyzed . In the Soviet Union , Stalin formed a highly centralized economic and political system , which has the greatest influence on the whole development history of the Soviet Union . In foreign relations , Stalin tried to impose Soviet socialist mode in other socialist countries to strengthen the socialist camp and fight against the United States .

In the fourth chapter , the theory and practice of the governing period of Khrussell to Gorbajo are studied . The governing theories of these historical stages mainly include the movement of the " non - Stalactification " , the agricultural reform in the early stage of power , the theory of " the whole nation " and the " Popular Party " , and the three ways of " left leaning " color ;
Brezhnev ' s reform has stalled , insisting on " left " leaning , expanding to the third world and developing the power theory of armaments ;
The bold reform efforts of the Andorov period have contributed to the progress made in the development of the national economy and the improvement of the welfare of the people ;
The inheritance of Andorov ' s policy during the Chl ' s family period , taking ideological work as the governing concept of the whole Party ' s cause and paying attention to the ruling idea of educational reform ;
In the last section of this chapter , the paper analyzes the causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union from the perspective of the Soviet Communist Party ' s ruling theory .

In the fifth chapter , the influence of the Communist Party of Soviet Communist Party on the governance theory of the Soviet Communist Party has been studied . First , the paper analyzes the influence of the Soviet Communist Party ' s ruling theory to the Eastern European countries .

The conclusion of this paper is that the Communist Party of China , as the ruling party , must adhere to the Chinese characteristics of Marxism , adhere to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics , maintain the progressiveness and purity of the Party , and wholeheartedly serve the people .

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D751.2

【参考文献】