普京执政时期（2000-2008年）俄罗斯行政改革的路径分析

发布时间：2018-04-29 23:00

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 普京　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：苏联解体后，由于叶利钦急功近利的采用休克疗法推行经济改革，试图一夜之间步入资本主义大国的行列。但是事与愿违，经济改革没有带来社会稳定和经济繁荣，反而造成了俄罗斯的十年的混乱局面，政治，经济，社会差点大崩盘。 2000年普京执掌俄罗斯的权柄后，立刻着手展开行政改革：行政改革主要从稳定政体和机构改革两部分进行。与叶利钦不同的是，普京所走的是一条渐进的，系统的改革之路。体制上统一政治体制稳定政局，加强中央集权。通过理顺中央与地方的关系，构建国家垂直权力体系,强化了联邦中央的权威，加强了中央对地方的控制，效的遏制了地方的分散势力；通过理顺总统与议会的关系，建立“政权党”;政府职能上由全能政府向有限政府转变。通过构建“部”、“署”、“局”的三级联邦执行权力机关体系，有的放矢的优化政府职能，提高行政效率；通过简化行政审批制度，，限制政府部门对经济行为的过多干预。行政改革虽然取得了一定的成效--政治稳定，但是机构改革方面却陷入了“膨胀--精简--膨胀--精简”的怪圈。行政改革受到历史因素，改革中组织行为选择和思想观念的相互作用,具有强有力的路径依赖。这种路径依赖性导致了行政机构改革的反复。研究发现，“权威主义”即帮助普京维护了统一，但在某种程度上有迫使行政机构改革陷入了怪圈。
[Abstract]:After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin tried to step into the ranks of capitalist powers overnight because of the shock therapy. But instead of bringing social stability and prosperity, economic reform has led to a decade of chaos and political, economic and social collapse in Russia. When Putin took power in Russia in 2000, he immediately embarked on administrative reform, which took place mainly in the two parts of stable government and institutional reform. Unlike Yeltsin, Mr Putin is on a gradual, systemic path of reform. Unifying the political system and stabilizing the political situation and strengthening centralization of power. By straightening out the relationship between the central authorities and the local authorities, building the national vertical power system, strengthening the authority of the federal central authorities, strengthening the central control over the localities, effectively containing the decentralized forces in the localities, and straightening out the relations between the president and the parliament, The establishment of the "political Party"; the transformation of government function from all-powerful government to limited government. By constructing the three-level federal executive power system of "ministry", "agency" and "bureau", the government functions can be optimized and administrative efficiency will be improved, and administrative examination and approval system will be simplified to limit the excessive interference of government departments in economic behavior. Although the administrative reform has made certain achievements-political stability, but the reform of the organization has fallen into the "bloated-streamlined---streamlined" strange circle. The administrative reform is influenced by historical factors, and the interaction between the choice of organizational behavior and the ideology in the reform has a strong path dependence. This path dependence leads to repeated administrative reform. The study found that "authoritarianism" helped Mr Putin maintain unity, but in some ways forced reform of the administration into a strange circle.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D751.2

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