俄罗斯对非政府组织的管理:历史沿革、法律手段及评价

发布时间：2018-05-02 12:34

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 非政府组织　；参考：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：在独联体国家中,俄罗斯的非政府组织数量最多、规模最大、影响最广,涵盖了政治、经济、文化、宗教、权益保护、维护和平等社会生活的各个方面,但公民参与热情不高,且多受西方资助,政治色彩浓厚。俄罗斯境内非政府组织经历了苏联时期的滥觞、俄罗斯独立后迅猛发展、近十年来日益严格规范管理等三个主要发展阶段。与此同时,俄罗斯政府通过法律法规监管非政府组织也大致经历了几个相应阶段,先是通过《俄罗斯联邦社会团体法》《俄罗斯联邦慈善活动和慈善组织法》与《俄罗斯联邦非商业组织法》,奠定了监管非政府组织的法律基础。此后陆续出台《非政府组织法》《外国代理人法》《不受欢迎组织法》,逐步加强对外国和国际非政府组织的监管。俄罗斯不断完善对非政府组织立法,根据形势变化多次修改相关法律,最终形成了一套管理非政府组织架构完善、内容相互补充的法律体系,同时注重加强政府引导,支持本土非政府组织发挥"正能量",严格执法,做好舆论保障,收到良好效果。
[Abstract]:Among the CIS countries, Russia has the largest number of non-governmental organizations, the largest in scale and the most influential, covering all aspects of social life such as politics, economy, culture, religion, protection of rights and interests, maintenance of peace, etc., but the enthusiasm for citizen participation is not high. And more by Western funding, a strong political color. The non-governmental organizations in Russia experienced the origin of the Soviet period, the rapid development after Russia's independence, and the three main stages of development in the past ten years, namely, increasingly strict and standardized management. At the same time, the Russian government has passed through laws and regulations to regulate non-governmental organizations, which have generally gone through several corresponding stages. First, the Law of the Russian Federation on Social organizations, the Law on Charitable activities and Charitable organizations of the Russian Federation and the Law on Non-Commercial organizations of the Russian Federation laid the legal foundation for the regulation of non-governmental organizations. Since then, the "Law on Foreign agents" and the "unwelcome Organic Law" have been promulgated one after another, gradually strengthening the supervision of foreign and international non-governmental organizations. Russia has constantly perfected its legislation on non-governmental organizations, revised the relevant laws many times according to the changes in the situation, and finally formed a set of legal systems that manage non-governmental organizations with a perfect framework and complementary contents, and at the same time pay attention to strengthening the guidance of the government. Support the local NGOs to exert their positive energy, strictly enforce the law, make good public opinion guarantee, and get good results.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;中国人民大学公共管理学院;
【分类号】：D751.2

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