从教派之争到文化战争——美国政教分离的宪法实践

发布时间：2018-05-04 12:11

本文选题：宗教条款 + 严格分离　；参考：《学术月刊》2017年01期

【摘要】：对美国宪法中的确立条款历来有两种解读,严格分离和中立论。自1947年以来,"严格政教分离"成为美国联邦最高法院处理政教关系问题的主导原则。这一原则的奠定与美国历史上新教和天主教等其他宗教之间的"教派之争"密不可分,其实质是为了维护新教的文化领导权。但是严格分离原则并不仅仅是教派斗争的产物,还根植于麦迪逊、杰斐逊在建国初年所阐述的对上帝、个人和政府之关系的理解。20世纪60年代以后,美国的政教争议日趋激烈,严格分离原则也越来越捉襟见肘,其原因在于政教争议从教派之争向文化战争的转变。但这一转变是形式而非实质性的,宗教问题并未被消解为文化问题,因此,自由派基于多元文化主义的解决方案并不成功。
[Abstract]:There have always been two interpretations of the establishment clause in the American Constitution, strict separation and neutrality. Since 1947, strict separation of state and religion has become the dominant principle of the United States Supreme Court in dealing with religious and state relations. The establishment of this principle is inseparable from the "sectarian struggle" between Protestantism and Catholicism in American history, and its essence is to safeguard the cultural leadership of Protestantism. But the strict separation principle was not only the product of sectarian struggle, but also rooted in Madison, whose understanding of the relationship between God, individual and government in the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of America became increasingly controversial after the 1960s. Strict separation principle is more and more limited because of the change from sectarian controversy to cultural war. However, this transformation is formal rather than substantive, and religious issues have not been resolved as cultural problems. Therefore, the liberal solution based on multiculturalism has not been successful.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911;D771.2

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