20世纪90年代以来柬埔寨政治转型研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 03:21

  本文选题：政治转型 + 民主政治　； 参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从20世纪60年代开始一直到90年代初,柬埔寨国内政变、战乱、暴政交织不断,一度是世界上最为动乱且命途多舛的国家。但是,从90年代开始,柬埔寨却很快走上了和平、稳定和民主的政治发展道路。与同一时期甚至后一时期其它政治转型国家相比,柬埔寨90年代以来的政治转型应该说是出人意外且比较成功,很值得研究。本文拟对此作专门探讨。文章主要从以下四个方面展开:一、概述20世纪90年代以来柬埔寨政治转型的历史背景。其所面临的国际背景主要有经济全球化、第三波民主化浪潮、苏东巨变、联合国组织的影响、其他大国影响五个方面;其所处的国内背景则主要有战乱频繁与极左路线、经济结构发展变化、非政府组织的壮大、政治文化传统、政治精英的影响等五个方面。二、梳理20世纪90年代以来柬埔寨政治转型的过程及特点。按照柬埔寨政权更迭的顺序,柬埔寨政治转型经历了两权并存时期(指越南扶植的金边政权与民主柬埔寨联合政府并存时期)、1993年民主制度的初步建立时期、1993-1998年民主制度的曲折发展时期、2003年以来民主制度巩固发展时期共四个时期。柬埔寨政治转型的特点主要包括:联合国主导;各方势力契约性妥协,非暴力化;政治制度自主化,非殖民化;转型结果,现代化民主化为突出这四个方面。三、分析整理20世纪90年代以来柬埔寨政治转型过程中取得的主要成就及存在问题。其主要成就主要体现在:政局实现基本稳定,多党民主政治不断发展;现代议会君主立宪制基本确立,王室参政受限;三权分立的框架基本确立,行政权主导地位明显;对外关系得到改善,提高了柬埔寨国际地位。其主要问题则表现为:民主制度建设尚需完善;政治腐败问题仍有存在;民众民主意识较弱。四、探讨20世纪90年代以来柬埔寨政治转型可以为我们提供的主要启示。本文主要指出,20世纪90年代以来的柬埔寨政治转型,至少可以为一些发展中国家提供如下经验启示:第一,政治转型需要契约性妥协精神;第二,政治制度的重建必须适合本国国情;第三,政治稳定必须建立在现代化、法理化基础之上;第四,民主化道路,是各种不同类型国家现代化和平化发展的必由之路。
[Abstract]:From the 1960s to the early 1990s, there were coups d'etat in Cambodia, war and tyranny intertwined, which was once the most troubled and ill-fated country in the world. But since the 1990 s, Cambodia has quickly embarked on a path of peaceful, stable and democratic politics. Compared with other political transition countries in the same period or even in the latter period, Cambodia's political transition since the 1990s should be said to be unexpected and relatively successful, and it is worth studying. This article intends to make the special discussion to this. The article mainly starts from the following four aspects: first, summarizes the historical background of Cambodia's political transformation since 1990's. The international context it faces mainly includes five aspects: economic globalization, the third wave of democratization, the great changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe, the influence of the United Nations organizations, and the influence of other major powers, while its domestic background is mainly characterized by frequent wars and the far-left line. The development and change of economic structure, the growth of NGOs, the tradition of political culture and the influence of political elite. Second, combing the process and characteristics of political transformation in Cambodia since 1990 s. In the order of regime change in Cambodia, The political transition in Cambodia has gone through a period of coexistence of two powers (i.e., the coexistence of the Phnom Penh regime and the Democratic Kampuchea coalition government), the initial establishment of the democratic system in 1993 and the tortuous development of the democratic system in 1993-1998. There are four periods to consolidate and develop democracy. The characteristics of Cambodia's political transformation mainly include: United Nations leading; contractual compromise of all parties, non-violence; political system autonomy, decolonization; the result of transformation; modernization and democratization of the four aspects. Third, analyze the main achievements and existing problems in the process of political transformation in Cambodia since 1990's. Its main achievements are as follows: the political situation is basically stable, the multi-party democratic politics is developing, the constitutional monarchy of the modern parliament is basically established, the royal family's participation in politics is restricted, the framework of the separation of the three powers is basically established, and the dominant position of the executive power is obvious; Foreign relations have improved and Cambodia's international status has been enhanced. The main problems are: the construction of democratic system still needs to be perfected, the problem of political corruption still exists, and the democratic consciousness of the people is weak. Fourth, to explore the political transformation of Cambodia since the 1990 s can provide us with the main enlightenment. This paper mainly points out that the political transition in Cambodia since the 1990s can at least provide some developing countries with the following lessons: first, political transformation needs a spirit of contractual compromise; second, The reconstruction of political system must be suited to the national conditions; third, political stability must be based on modernization, law and chemistry; fourth, the road of democratization is the only way to the peaceful development of modernization in different types of countries.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D733.5

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