日本现代化进程中的行政文化研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 15:56

本文选题：日本 + 现代化　；参考：《汕头大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 作为后发型国家，日本现代化的一个最鲜明的特点，就是政府在现代化进程中起主导作用。而政府的行为和价值取向在很大程度上又受行政文化的影响。行政文化，作为行政体系和行政行为的深层结构，主要通过作用于行政官僚具体的行政行为而反映在行政领导层决策以及行政人员的具体执行层面，进而最终直接影响到日本现代化的历史进程。因此，从这个意义上来说，日本现代化在很大程度上取决于行政文化的转型。日本行政文化如何转型，日本行政文化与日本现代化的互动关系如何，本论文试图从日本行政文化的视角来认识和了解日本现代化成功的内在原因，并通过展开论述日本行政文化在现代化进程中的历史变迁、主要特征以及发展趋势，从而揭示出日本行政文化从传统向现代转型的独特性发展规律。本论文认为，日本现代化，以第二次世界大战为界，分为战前初步发展和战后基本完成两个阶段。在不同的阶段，日本行政文化体现出不同的特点。在战前阶段，也就是从日本明治维新时期到二战前这段时期，日本现代化尚处于起步阶段。而作为政治上层建筑的重要组成部分的日本行政文化，由于封建社会长期受传统行政文化根深蒂固的影响而未随之发生相应的嬗变，仍然保留较浓厚的封建专制色彩，使得日本政治现代化与经济现代化发展不协调，并由此在很大程度上导致了日本军国主义的盛行和法西斯专政，从而爆发了第二次世界大战，严重阻碍了日本现代化的发展进程。一直到二战后，也就是在战后阶段，在美国占领当局的民主化改革的外力推动和国内民主化潮流高涨的共同作用下，日本的行政文化才开始逐渐从传统专制型向现代民主型转变，并与日本传统行政文化中的精英主义和权威主义相融合，形成了日本独具特色的官僚主导行政文化模式特征。总的来说，这种独特的行政文化模式是适应当时日本的现实需要的，，并且极大地促进了日本经济现代化的进程，使得日本在20世纪70年代中期得以基本完成经济现代化目标。此后，随着全球化经济一体化趋势的迅猛发展以及西方强势文化的全面渗透也给日本行政文化转型带来了新的考验。种种因素的综合导致了日本行政文化构成的多元化融合性特征，现代行政文化在不断完善的同时经受着考验和挑战；日本传统行政文化在与现代行政文化的冲突中不断实现着与现代行政文化的融合；西方现代行政文化也在日本行政文化中成为一种主要的亚文化，作为异质文化，也在与日本行政文化的竟合中生长。
[Abstract]:As a post-hairstyle country, one of the most distinctive features of Japan's modernization is that the government plays a leading role in the process of modernization. The government's behavior and value orientation are influenced by administrative culture to a great extent. Administrative culture, as the deep structure of administrative system and administrative behavior, is mainly reflected in the administrative leadership decision-making and the specific executive level of administrative personnel through the specific administrative acts of administrative bureaucrats. Finally, it directly affects the historical process of Japan's modernization. Therefore, in this sense, the modernization of Japan depends to a great extent on the transformation of administrative culture. This paper attempts to understand and understand the internal reasons for the success of Japanese modernization from the perspective of Japanese administrative culture, and discusses the historical changes, main characteristics and development trends of Japanese administrative culture in the process of modernization. This paper holds that the modernization of Japan is divided into two stages: the preliminary development before the war and the completion after the war. In different stages, Japanese administrative culture embodies different characteristics. In the pre-war period, from the Meiji Restoration period to the pre-war period, Japan's modernization is still in its infancy. As an important part of the political superstructure, the Japanese administrative culture, because the feudal society was deeply influenced by the traditional administrative culture for a long time, did not change accordingly, and still retained the strong feudal autocracy color. This made Japan's political and economic modernization incongruous, and to a large extent led to the prevalence of Japanese militarism and fascist dictatorship, thus the outbreak of the second World War. It has seriously hindered the development of Japan's modernization. Until after the second World War, that is, in the postwar period, under the joint action of the external force of the democratic reform of the US occupation authorities and the upsurge of the domestic trend of democratization, The Japanese administrative culture began to change from the traditional autocracy to the modern democracy and merged with the meritocracy and authoritarianism in the traditional Japanese administrative culture. In general, this unique administrative culture model was adapted to the actual needs of Japan at that time, and greatly promoted the process of Japan's economic modernization, which enabled Japan to basically complete the goal of economic modernization in the mid-1970s. Since then, with the rapid development of globalization economic integration and the comprehensive penetration of strong Western culture, Japan has brought a new test to the transformation of administrative culture. The combination of various factors has led to the pluralistic features of the Japanese administrative culture, and the modern administrative culture is undergoing tests and challenges while it is constantly improving. In the conflict with modern administrative culture, the traditional administrative culture of Japan has been merging with the modern administrative culture, and the western modern administrative culture has also become a major subculture in the Japanese administrative culture, which is regarded as a heterogeneous culture. It is also growing in harmony with Japanese administrative culture.
【学位授予单位】：汕头大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D731.3

【引证文献】