俄国民粹派理论与实践研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 02:42

本文选题：俄国民粹派 + 理论主张　；参考：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：俄国民粹派是近代俄国史上一个代表农民小生产者利益的政治团体。其名称来源于19世纪70年代俄国平民知识分子所掀起的“到民间去”运动。俄国民粹派的政治理论与政治实践对近代俄国的历史发展和革命运动产生了巨大而深远的影响。系统地研究近代俄国民粹派的理论与实践,可以深化对民粹主义概念和相关理论的理解,可以进一步探讨它对俄国社会历史发展以及社会主义运动所产生的积极和消极影响,也可以为当前我国的社会经济转型、社会主义事业发展和执政党建设提供有益的参考和建设性的意见。本论文主体共分四部分：第一部分绪论,主要介绍了本研究的目的和意义、国内外研究现状、研究思路、研究方法、创新与不足等方面的内容,在总体上对文章进行了简要的概述。第二部分俄国民粹派的理论主张,先对俄国民粹派作了简单概述。接着详细论述了俄国民粹派的理论渊源：斯拉夫思想、赫尔岑等人的“村社”社会主义思想、近代空想社会主义思潮；俄国民粹派的三个理论流派：拉普洛夫派、巴枯宁派和特卡乔夫派；指出俄国民粹派理论主张的核心是村社问题,实质是以俄国独有的村社对抗资本主义的挑战,把俄国的村社理想化,把俄国的农民及其价值浪漫化,是一种幻想超越具体历史形态的理想主义,最大的局限性是其历史观上带有唯心主义色彩和空想成分。第三部分俄国民粹派的政治实践,集中叙述了俄国民粹派掀起的“到民间去”运动和运动失败后的一系列恐怖暴力活动,并对其进行了评价,指出了“到民间去”运动的四个重大意义和恐怖暴力活动的局限性是将反对专制制度的“天然同盟——工厂主、地主和城市自治活动分子吓跑,使斗争脱离了人民群众,最终不可避免走向失败” 第四部分则在前两部分的基础上,比较系统地对俄国民粹派和民粹主义进行了评价,提出了几点认识：俄国民粹主义是近代俄国现代化转型的产物；俄国民粹主义是近代俄国社会民主化运动的产物；俄国民粹主义对社会主义运动有重大影响。最后得出应该理性对待民粹主义的结论。
[Abstract]:The Russian populists are a political organization representing the interests of peasant small producers in the history of modern Russia. Its name derives from the "go to the Folk" movement set off by the Russian civilian intellectuals in the 1870s. The political theory and practice of Russian populists had a great and profound influence on the historical development and revolutionary movement of modern Russia. A systematic study of the theory and practice of modern Russian populists can deepen the understanding of populist concepts and related theories, and further explore its positive and negative effects on the social and historical development of Russia and the socialist movement. It can also provide useful reference and constructive advice for the current social and economic transformation, the development of socialist cause and the construction of the ruling party. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is introduction, This paper mainly introduces the purpose and significance of this study, the current research situation at home and abroad, research ideas, research methods, innovations and deficiencies, and gives a brief overview of the article as a whole. The second part is the theory of Russian populists. First of all, a brief overview of the Russian populists. Then it discusses in detail the theoretical origin of Russian populists: Slavic thought, Herzen's socialist thought of "village community", modern utopian socialist thought, and three theoretical schools of Russian populist school: Laplofuvism, Bakunin and Tkachev pointed out that the core of the theory of Russian populism is the issue of village community. In essence, it is to use the unique village community of Russia to confront the challenge of capitalism, to idealize the Russian village community and to romanticize the Russian peasants and their values. It is a kind of idealism which transcends the concrete historical form. The biggest limitation is that its historical view has idealism and utopian elements. The third part is the political practice of Russian populists. This paper focuses on a series of terrorist and violent activities initiated by the Russian populists and after the defeat of the "go to the Folk" movement, and evaluates them. It points out the four great significance of the movement of "going to the people" and the limitation of the terrorist and violent activities, which are to scare away the "factory owners, landlords and urban autonomous activists" who oppose the autocratic system, and to separate the struggle from the masses of the people. The fourth part evaluates Russian populism and populism systematically on the basis of the first two parts, and puts forward some cognition: Russian populism is the product of modern Russian modernization transformation; Russian populism is the product of the democratization movement of modern Russian society, and Russian populism has great influence on the socialist movement. Finally, the conclusion that populism should be treated rationally.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D095.12;D751.2

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