从制度变迁视角审视缅甸现行选举制度的特点及政治后果

发布时间：2018-06-16 16:09

本文选题：缅甸选举制度 + 制度变迁　；参考：《当代世界与社会主义》2017年03期

【摘要】：缅甸曾于建国初期、1990年和2010年后三度尝试建立选举民主,前两次尝试均以失败告终。当前的选举制度由军政府主动精心设计,出发点是通过向心性的制度化方式,在为反对势力留出一定活动空间的同时,保证军人对政治权力的控制。缅甸现行选举制度受制度设计理念以及传统制度"路径依赖"的影响,主要呈现出总统选举与联邦议会选举联动、对候选人和选举人资格设置特殊条件、对不同行政区划级别实行差异化选举三个方面的特点,同时对政党格局和政治权力结构产生了重要的影响,特别涉及民选政府与军方之间、缅族与少数民族之间以及中央与地方之间的分权。对选举制度变迁的考察有助于理解缅甸所处的政治制度环境,并洞察缅甸的政治发展方向。
[Abstract]:Burma's first failed attempts to establish electoral democracy in the early years of its existence, in 1990 and after 2010. The current electoral system is designed by the junta on its own initiative. The starting point is to ensure the control of political power by the military personnel while leaving some space for the opposition forces. The current electoral system in Myanmar is influenced by the concept of institutional design and the "path dependence" of the traditional system. It mainly presents the linkage between the presidential election and the election of the Federal Assembly, setting special conditions for the qualifications of candidates and electors. The three characteristics of differentiated elections at different levels of administrative divisions have had an important impact on the political party pattern and political power structure, particularly between the elected government and the military. The separation of powers between the Burmese and ethnic minorities and between the central and local governments. The investigation of the change of electoral system is helpful to understand the political system environment of Myanmar and to understand the political development direction of Myanmar.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;
【基金】：2016年度中国人民大学研究生科学研究基金项目“缅甸的选举政治:民主转型过程中的军政政权制度化”(项目编号:16XNH031)的成果
【分类号】：D733.7

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