日本“五五年体制”以来日本政府机构改革研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 01:01

本文选题：日本 + 五五年体制　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 作为日本行政改革的重要组成部分,日本政府机构改革深受其特殊的经济发展模式、民主政治体制和文化底蕴的影响,体现出其鲜明的民族特点和时代特色。首先,日本政府主导的经济发展模式致使日本的行政体制在战后呈现出明显“中央集权”的特征,政府机构与人员具有一种难以抑制的膨胀冲动。其次,政治上的自民党“一党优位”和长期执政使日本官僚、政治家和经济团体充分融合,盘根错节,阻碍改革的进程。再次,日本文化的“集团主义”特征既是影响日本选择行政体制的重要因素,也是左右机构改革的不可忽视的底蕴。支配日本机构改革的主线是经济的发展状况。日本经历了高速发展期、低速发展期与经济低迷期,而机构改革相应地经历了膨胀与反膨胀时期、内部调整时期、大部门体制改革时期,但是经济发展对机构改革影响不是直接的,它往往要经过一段时间的“时滞效应”才能体现出来。同时,它还受到来自政治体制、文化特点和时代特点等的交叉影响,体现出明显的个性特点,如在方法和方式上,多采用“审议会”的模式,一步到位的策略、持续推进的方式等。当然,鲜明的个性在另一方面所反映出来的恰恰是内在的规律性,即机构改革的成败与经济发展、政府职能转变、政治主导之间的内在联系。日本政府机构改革遭遇过重重困难和问题,如膨胀——精简——膨胀的恶性循环,政府职能之间的严重交叉,行政效率的低下等等,同时日本政府也探索过多种多样的改革方式和手段,积累了丰富的经验和教训。中国的经济发展模式、文化等方面与日本有很多得相似之处,且正处于经济的高速发展期,日本机构改革的经验教训对中国行政改革,特别是当前的大部门体制改革有重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:As an important part of Japan's administrative reform, the reform of Japanese government institutions is deeply influenced by its special economic development model, democratic political system and cultural background, which embodies its distinctive national and contemporary characteristics. First of all, the economic development mode led by the Japanese government caused the Japanese administrative system to show the characteristic of "centralization" after the war, and the government agencies and personnel had an irrepressible expansion impulse. Second, the political LDP's "one-party dominance" and long-term governance have made Japan's bureaucrats, politicians, and economic groups fully integrated and intertwined, hindering the process of reform. Thirdly, the "collectivism" of Japanese culture is not only an important factor that influences Japan's choice of administrative system, but also an important part of institutional reform. The main line that dominates Japan's institutional reform is the state of economic development. Japan has experienced a period of rapid development, a period of low speed development and a period of economic downturn, while the institutional reform has experienced a period of expansion and anti-expansion, a period of internal adjustment, a period of structural reform of large departments. However, the influence of economic development on institutional reform is not direct, it often takes a period of time to reflect the "lag effect". At the same time, it is also influenced by the political system, the cultural characteristics and the characteristics of the times and so on. It shows obvious personality characteristics, such as adopting the mode of "examining the council" and adopting a one-step strategy in terms of methods and methods. A way to keep pushing, etc. Of course, on the other hand, the distinct personality reflects the inherent regularity, that is, the internal relationship between the success or failure of institutional reform and economic development, the transformation of government functions, and political dominance. The reform of Japanese government institutions has encountered many difficulties and problems, such as the vicious circle of inflation-reduction-inflation, the serious intersection of government functions, the low administrative efficiency, and so on. At the same time, the Japanese government has explored a variety of ways and means of reform, accumulated rich experience and lessons. China's economic development model, culture and other aspects have many similarities with Japan, and are in a period of rapid economic development. The experience and lessons of Japanese institutional reform have taught China's administrative reform. In particular, the current large-department system reform has important reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D731.3

【引证文献】