从美国不平等扩大看政府的作用

发布时间：2018-06-17 17:09

本文选题：不平等 + 贫富差距　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：伴随着全球化进程,世界不平等与贫富差距也越来越扩大了,其中美国巨富阶层的崛起就是一个极端现象。2008年金融危机以后,这种贫富悬殊引发了"占领"运动等激烈抗议方式,并迅速蔓延开来,各种民粹主义思潮也甚嚣尘上。美国财富加速向1%甚至0.1%的超级新贵集中,而中产阶级与他们的差距不断拉大,严重打击了战后发达国家通过一系列政策和制度构建起来的以中产阶级为基本盘的稳定社会。美国政府的政策导向更有利于财富向极少数人集中,而这种集中,使得富人拥有更大的话语权,操弄金钱政治、影响政策制定乃至立法;政府还放任公司高管成为新一代超级新贵,高管们巧立名目,使自己与普通员工的收入差距高达数百倍;政府也没有对日渐式微的工会及其劳资关系失衡作出适宜反应,在不断加剧的收入和财富不平等面前无所作为。由此值得关注的是,政府在缩小不平等中究竟应该扮演什么角色?既然政府之手可以干预财富的分配和再分配,那我们的政策就不但要更加鼓励人们勤劳致富、创新致富,而且要在解决因政策失误而导致的巨额不当财富问题方面给出正确方法。
[Abstract]:Along with globalization, world inequality and the gap between the rich and the poor are widening, with the rise of the super-rich in the United States being an extreme phenomenon. This disparity between the rich and the poor triggered violent protests such as the Occupy Movement, which spread rapidly and populist trends. The wealth of the United States accelerates to the super upstart of 1% or even 0.1%, and the gap between the middle class and them is widening, which has seriously hit the stable society based on the middle class built by a series of policies and institutions in the developed countries after the war. The policy direction of the US government is more favorable to the concentration of wealth to a very small number of people, which makes the rich have a greater say, manipulate the money politics, and influence the policy making and even the legislation. The government has also allowed corporate executives to become a new generation of super-upstarts, with the executives claiming to be hundreds of times the income gap between themselves and the average employee. Nor has the government responded appropriately to declining unions and imbalances in their labour relations. Do nothing in the face of rising income and wealth inequality. What is worth paying attention to is what role should the government play in reducing inequality? Since the hands of the government can interfere with the distribution and redistribution of wealth, our policy should not only encourage people to become rich by industry, but also to become rich by innovation. And give the right way to deal with the huge and improper wealth caused by policy mistakes.
【作者单位】：复旦大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：D771.2

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