基于知识元的多突发事件应对实施流程集成研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 23:07

本文选题：突发事件 + 流程集成　；参考：《大连理工大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来突发事件的频发严重影响社会经济的发展和人类生活的稳定,国家和政府越来越重视对突发事件应急管理的研究。突发事件的发生往往不是单一的发生,而是常伴有一定的衍生和次生事件,这些事件相互作用、相互影响,波及范围更广,破坏力更大。突发事件应对实施流程是从实施层面指导应急活动的,与应急现场关联最为密切,流程的好坏直接影响事态的发展和突发事件应对处置的效果。若能考虑到多个事件,有效地集成多个事件的应对实施流程,将会给应急响应带来事半功倍的效果。因此,本文针对实际应对过程中流程响应时间长、资源利用率低下等问题,以多个相互影响的突发事件的发生为背景,以知识元为理论,研究多个突发事件应对实施流程的集成问题。目前,国内外的学者在应急管理方面的研究越来越多,在突发事件的演化机理、决策选择、预案评估等方面都进行了大量研究,然而在实际应对层面,突发事件应对流程还有待进一步探讨和研究。尤其是当多个突发事件同时发生时,应对过程中经常发生冲突,现有流程已不能满足实际应对的需要,使得应对实施活动与流程集成方面的问题更亟待解决。鉴于此,本文以知识元为理论基础,提出一种通过集成应对实施活动来集成流程的方法,并通过实际案例验证了该方法在实际应用中的可行性和有效性。本论文的主要研究内容如下： 1、分析了突发事件应对实施流程的构成和多事件流程的特点,总结了知识元在流程集成中的优势,根据知识元模型构建了应对实施活动知识元,并分析了活动知识元的层次结构及形态转变。研究表明,活动知识元能有效的抽象和刻画应对实施活动,统一活动的形式化描述,为活动间的关系研究打下基础。 2、扩展活动知识元模型,构建了活动间的关系知识元,并通过对活动关系知识元中活动关键属性间的关系分析,从活动执行的先后序、活动执行的作用范围和活动使用的资源三个角度研究了活动间的偏序关系、空间关系和冲突关系。研究表明,多个突发事件应对实施流程中活动间的关系复杂多样,活动关系知识元实现了不同类型关系的共性抽取和一致性表达,且识别出的活动间的关系为流程集成模式的构建和流程集成提供依据。 3、在对实例化活动知识元分类的基础上,根据应对实施活动间的关系,构建了不同关系影响下的流程集成模式,并针对应对过程中遇到的不同状况构建了流程集成模式组合运用模型。研究表明：多突发事件应对实施流程集成模式是集成流程的重要组成部分,在实际流程集成与应急响应中,应根据应急现场不同状况来选取集成模式,且这些模式可以组合搭配使用。以活动间的关系为基础构建的流程集成模式使流程的集成更具适应性。 4、综合前三点的研究内容,提出一种适用于多突发事件应对实施流程集成的方法,该方法从应对实施活动及其关系入手来研究流程集成模式与集成方法,并通过算法实现流程的自动集成。该方法首先运用构建的活动知识元来形式化描述流程中的每个活动,再对活动知识元进行扩展构建活动关系知识元,通过活动关系知识元中活动关键属性间的关系识别活动间存在的不同类型的关系,然后构建不同类型活动间的关系影响下的流程集成模式,最后根据不同状况将流程集成模式组合并与其他未集成的活动按原有先后顺序连接从而实现多事件应对实施流程的集成。研究表明：通过该方法集成后的流程在运行时间上更短、资源利用率更高,更贴近实际应对。本文的研究不仅丰富了应急管理的理论研究,有助于多突发事件应对实施流程的有效集成,还可以为应急管理人员实际应对处置突发事件提供应对实施的方法与参考,从而加快突发事件的应对处置进度,减少损失。
[Abstract]:The frequent occurrence of emergencies in recent years has seriously affected the social and economic development and the stability of human life. The state and the government have paid more and more attention to the study of emergency management. The occurrence of emergencies often is not a single occurrence, but often accompanied by certain derivatives and secondary events. These events interact, interact with each other, and affect each other. The process of emergency response to the implementation process is to guide the emergency activities from the implementation level, which is most closely related to the emergency scene. The quality of the process directly affects the development of the incident and the effect of the emergency response. As a result, this paper aims at the problem of long response time and low resource utilization in the actual response process, taking the occurrence of multiple interrelated emergencies as the background, and the theory of knowledge element as the theory to study the integration of the implementation process of multiple emergencies.
At present, there are more and more scholars at home and abroad in the field of emergency management. A lot of research has been done on the evolution mechanism, decision selection and plan evaluation of sudden events. However, in the actual response level, the process of emergency response needs to be further discussed and studied. There are frequent conflicts in the process, and the existing processes are unable to meet the needs of the actual response, making the problem of the integration of the implementation activities and processes more urgent. In view of this, this paper, based on the theory of knowledge, proposes a method to integrate the process through the integration of the implementation activities, and verifies the method through the actual case. The feasibility and effectiveness of practical application. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1, the composition of the emergency response process and the characteristics of the multi event process are analyzed. The advantages of the knowledge element in the process integration are summarized. According to the knowledge meta model, the knowledge element should be constructed and the hierarchical structure and the form transformation of the active knowledge element are analyzed. The research shows that the active knowledge element can be effectively abstracted and depicted. The formal description of unified activities is the basis for the implementation of activities.
2, the knowledge metamodel of extended activities is used to construct a relational knowledge element between activities. Through the analysis of the relationship between the key attributes of activities in the activity relationship knowledge element, the partial order, the scope of action execution and the resources used by the activities are studied from the three angles of the activity implementation, the scope of action execution and the resources used by the activities. It shows that the relationships among the activities in the implementation process are complex and diverse, and the activity relation knowledge element realizes the common extraction and the conformance expression of different types of relationships, and the identification of the relationship between activities provides the basis for the construction of process integration model and process integration.
3, on the basis of the classification of the knowledge element of the instantiation activities, the process integration model under the influence of different relationships is built on the basis of the relationship between the implementation activities, and the combination model of the process integration model is constructed for the different situations encountered in the process. In the process integration and emergency response, the integration mode should be selected according to the different situation of the emergency scene, and these patterns can be combined and used in combination. The process integration model based on the relationship between activities makes the process integration more adaptable.
4, the research content of the first three points is put forward, and a method is put forward for the process integration of multiple emergencies. This method studies the process integration mode and integration method starting with the implementation of the activities and its relationship, and realizes the automatic integration of the process through the algorithm. Each activity in the process is extended and the activity knowledge element is extended to construct the activity relation knowledge element, and the relationship between the activities is identified through the relationship between the activities key attributes in the activity relationship knowledge element, and then the process integration model under the influence of different types of activities is constructed. Finally, the flow is based on different conditions. Cheng Jicheng combined with other activities and not integrated according to the original order of connection so as to realize the integrated multi event response implementation process. The study shows that by this method after the integration process in the running time shorter, higher resource utilization, closer to the actual response.
This study not only enriches the theoretical research of emergency management, but also contributes to the effective integration of multiple emergencies in the implementation process. It can also provide methods and references for emergency management personnel to deal with emergencies in practice, so as to speed up the progress of emergency response and reduce the loss.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D523

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