中亚现代民族过程研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 20:46

本文选题：中亚 + 现代民族过程　；参考：《中央民族大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】：“民族过程”是前苏联学术界最先使用的一个学术概念。本文以相关的历史文献为主要资料，广泛吸收前苏联、俄罗斯、中亚及我国学者的研究成果。在此基础上，结合田野考查所获得的第一手资料，运用民族过程理论对中亚的现代民族过程进行研究，其中重点是对沙皇俄国统治时期，以及20世纪20年代中亚进行民族划界并成立五个民族国家时期的民族过程进行综合研究。在历时性的原则下，通过对中亚民族形成及演变过程有重大影响的具有转折意义的史事的分析，论证中亚民族形成、发展、变化等的特点，从中探索归纳现代民族形成的普遍规律。通过对问题的研究，可以得出如下认识：中亚的民族过程是民族分化过程和民族联合过程交替进行的过程。在现代民族过程中，俄国对中亚的兼并，在中亚统一政权的确立，结束了中亚归并于俄国前三汗国分立的局面，客观上使得中亚经济、文化及政治等方面的发展有了一个新的局面，促进了各民族间的接近与聚合。资本主义关系在中亚工业、农业等领域的出现，使中亚各民族进入了现代民族过程。但沙皇俄国的殖民政策又阻碍了这一过程的进一步发展。 20世纪20—30年代中亚地区进行了史无前例的“民族划界”，最终划分出了乌兹别克、土库曼、哈萨克、吉尔吉斯、塔吉克等民族，并据此迅速组建成了5个民族加盟共和国，使中亚地区族称混乱、民族居住区域混杂的状况有所改观。这是中亚现代民族过程中的一个具有里程碑意义的重要历史事件，对中亚的现代民族过程产生了重大的影响。它唤醒了民族意识，促进了民族文化的形成和发展，，促进了当地民族居民结构的有益改善，提高了这些民族的地位，满足了他们不断增长的民族自尊心，促进了民族的复兴，为中亚各民族聚合成社会主义民族创造了有利的条件，加速了这一地区的民族聚合过程。同时，五个民族国家的建立阻止了“泛突厥主义”和“泛伊斯兰主义”思潮在中亚的蔓延。中亚民族国家的划界及建立使这一地区获得了暂时的稳定，但分散、错杂的民族区域无法使民族问题得到合理解决，并成为这一地区各种紧张和冲突的策源地，直至今日。对此事件有不同的评价。正面的观点认为，民族划界及民族国家的建立是中亚各民族自由意愿的表达和共产党民族政策的胜利。反面的观点认为，民族划界及民族国家的建立完全不符合中亚当地的历史传统，不符合中亚的历史发展规律。建立新的民族国家的具体方案是在塔什干和莫斯科的办公室里秘密做出的，是出于政治目的。还有更形象的表述，称中亚民族是“斯大林民族政策的大锤在被毁灭的文明残骸上打造出的新民族”。总之，19世纪下半叶中亚归并于俄国拉开了中亚现代民族过程的帷幕。沙皇俄国统治时期的中亚民族过程是在俄国实行殖民政策的条件下进行的。因此，沙皇俄国对中亚各个民族的发展产生了深刻的影响，使中亚经济、政治、文化等各个方面都留下了深刻的俄罗斯痕迹。而20世纪20年代进行的中亚民族国家划界及成立民族国家是莫斯科以苏维埃形式继续殖民的巨大成功。但它又为这些共和国日后脱离苏联，成为主权国家奠定了基础。综而言之，全文试图说明这样一个观点：以笔者之见，民族过程就是民族产生、发育、成熟的过程，这个过程可以是一个自然的过程，在一定程度上，也可以因人为的操纵而改变其过程和方向。
[Abstract]:The "national process" is one of the first academic concepts used by the former Soviet Union. This article, based on the relevant historical documents, extensively absorbed the achievements of the former Soviet Union, Russia, Central Asia and Chinese scholars. On this basis, it combines the first-hand materials obtained by the field examination and uses the national process theory to the modern people in Central Asia. The process is studied, with the emphasis on the comprehensive study of the period of the Czar Russian rule, the national demarcation in Central Asia in 1920s and the establishment of the national process of the five national states. Under the principle of diachronic, the analysis of the historical events which have great influence on the formation and evolution of the Central Asian nations, The characteristics of the formation, development and change of the Central Asian nationalities are demonstrated, and the general law of the formation of modern nationalities is explored.
Through the study of the problems, we can draw the following understanding: the national process of Central Asia is the process of the process of ethnic differentiation and the alternation of national union process. In the process of modern nationalities, the merger of Russia to Central Asia and the establishment of a unified regime in Central Asia ended the separation of Central Asia from the former three khanates in Russia, and objectively made Central Asia. The development of economic, cultural and political aspects had a new situation, which promoted the proximity and polymerization of all ethnic groups. The emergence of capitalist relations in the industrial and agricultural fields of Central Asia made the various ethnic groups of Central Asia enter the modern national process. But the colonial policy of Czar Russia hinders the further development of this process.
From 20 to 30s twentieth Century, the Central Asian region carried out the unprecedented "national demarcation", and finally divided the Uzbek, Turkmenistan, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik and other ethnic groups, and then built up the 5 ethnic republics in a rapid group, which made the ethnic groups in Central Asia chaotic, and the state of ethnic residence was mixed. This is central Asia. A landmark important historical event in the process of the modern nation has a significant influence on the modern national process in Central Asia. It has awakened the national consciousness, promoted the formation and development of the national culture, promoted the beneficial improvement of the local population structure, raised the status of these nationalities and met the increasing number of them. The long national pride has promoted the rejuvenation of the nation, created favorable conditions for the people of Central Asia to aggregate into a socialist nation, and accelerated the process of ethnic aggregation in this region. At the same time, the establishment of the five ethnic states prevented the spread of "pan Turkism" and "Pan Islamic principle" in Central Asia. Demarcation and establishment have made this region a temporary stability, but the scattered, mixed ethnic areas can not make a reasonable solution to the ethnic problems and become the source of various tensions and conflicts in the region until this day.
There is a different evaluation of this event. The positive point of view is that national demarcation and the establishment of national state are the expression of the free will of all ethnic groups in Central Asia and the victory of the national policy of the Communist Party. The negative view holds that the national demarcation and the establishment of national state are completely inconsistent with the local historical traditions of Central Asia and do not conform to the law of the development of Central Asia. The concrete plans for the establishment of a new national state were made secretly in the offices of Tashkent and Moscow for political purposes. There was a more vivid description of the Central Asian nation as "a new nation created by the hammer of Stalin's national policy on the wreckage of the destroyed civilization".
In the second half of nineteenth Century, Central Asia merged in Russia and opened the curtain of the modern national process of Central Asia. The national process of Central Asia during the reign of the Czar was carried out under the conditions of Russian colonial policy. Therefore, the Czar Russia has a profound influence on the development of various ethnic groups in Central Asia, and makes the economy, politics, culture of Central Asia, and so on. In 1920s, the demarcation of the Central Asian national state and the establishment of a national state were the great success of the continued colonization of Moscow in the form of Soviet, but it laid the foundation for the republics to leave the Soviet Union and become a sovereign state in the future.
In summary, the full text attempts to explain the view that, in my opinion, national process is the process of national generation, development and maturity. This process can be a natural process, and to a certain extent, the process and direction can be changed by the manipulation of people.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D736

【参考文献】