冷战后欧洲社会民主党的组织变革

发布时间：2018-06-26 05:29

本文选题：社会民主党 + 组织　；参考：《山东大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 政党发展的历史同时也是各政党的变革史,政党的变革一般是在其外在环境变迁和内在因素发展的双向刺激下进行的。政党组织能否适应时代的变化作出相应的变革对于其功能能否充分发挥至关重要。社会民主党是欧洲政坛一支重要的执政力量,自诞生以来也一向锐意改革。冷战的巨大冲击使社会民主党不仅在理论上逐渐迷茫,在实践中也深陷执政危机,长期处于在野状态。在政党竞争十分激烈的欧洲政坛,长期不能执政是十分危险的。为此,冷战后社会民主党痛定思痛,在政治、经济等各方面进行了大幅度调整,其中对党的组织也进行了全面变革,以迎合选民的需求。20世纪90年代末,变革后的社会民主党终于迎来了党的“复兴”。本文应用结构功能主义和比较分析法,对社会民主党此次组织上的变革从理论、背景、内容、成效和启示五大方面进行了全面分析。全文着力论证和阐述了以下主要观点：一、社会分野理论、环境主义理论、制度变迁理论和政党竞争理论分别从不同角度阐释了政党组织变革的缘由,西方学者们也具体分析了政党组织变革的三种分析路径,即生命周期分析路径、系统层面分析路径和突变分析路径。但概括而言,政党组织的变革是政党对来自外界各种挑战的一种应对性回应。二、政党本质上是惰于变革的大型组织,但当党的生存环境发生巨大变化时,为保持党长久的生命力和强大的竞争力,进而保证党不被排除在政治体系之外,党不得不进行相应的变革,即政党组织的变革是有着一定的时代背景的。冷战后欧洲社会民主党组织的变革也有着其独特的国际、国内和自身背景,其中,全球化、信息化的发展、冷战的结束和民主社会主义的理论困境是其变革的国际背景：社会结构的变化和其它非主流政党对它的冲击是其变革的国内背景；党自身繁琐的组织结构设置、浓厚的阶级色彩、有限的政治参与渠道和复杂的政党文化不能适应时代发展的要求是其变革的内在因素。三、冷战后欧洲社会民主党组织的变革是一场全面的变革,在组织类型、组织基础、组织运作、组织机构、组织决策、组织纪律和组织目标等各个方面都进行了广泛的变革。其中,从组织类型上看,冷战后社会民主党的大众党特征进一步减弱,“全方位党”特征更为突出；从组织基础上看,冷战后的社会民主党更加淡化其阶级色彩,大力向中产阶级靠拢；从组织运作上看,随着媒体更深的介入,社会民主党成员的作用大大降低；从组织机构上看,冷战后社会民主党简化机构形式,强化中央权力；从组织原则上看,社会民主党在冷战后更加强调直接民主和基层民主的切实实现；从组织纪律上看,冷战后的社会民主党用更为严格的纪律对党实行更强有力的监督；从组织目标上看,冷战后的社会民主党反思其社会主义目标后,更为强调公正、自由、互助等社会民主主义核心价值观的主导作用。四、社会民主党组织的变革仍在进行之中,但就目前来看,其组织变革的近期目标,即重新执掌政权的目标已经基本实现,各国社会民主党纷纷得以上台执政或参政。但是我们也要看到,社会民主党内部深层次的矛盾仍未解决,仍面临着选民信任和认同危机、选举变数相对较大等各种问题,其组织特色因其政策的实用性也在逐渐消失。五、欧洲社会民主党组织变革的经验教训对中国共产党组织上的改革有着重要的借鉴意义,有助于我们进一步加大改革力度,在扩大民主决策、调整权力配置和巩固执政根基等各方面采取新的举措,以实现社会主义民主,成为真正能体现和代表民意的现代化政党。
[Abstract]:The history of the political party's development is also the history of the changes of the political parties. The reform of the party is generally carried out under the two-way stimulus of environmental changes and internal factors. It is important for the party organization to adapt to the changes of the times and make the function full of its function.
The Social Democratic Party is an important ruling power in the political world of Europe, and has always been keen on reform since its birth. The great impact of the cold war made the Social Democratic Party not only confused in theory but also in power crisis in practice. In the long time, the political arena in which the political party is very fierce is very dangerous. To this end, after the cold war, the Social Democratic Party has made a big adjustment in the political, economic and other aspects, in which the party organization has also been completely changed to meet the needs of the voters in the late 90s of the.20 century. The Social Democratic Party after the change has finally ushered in the "revival" of the party. This article applies structural functionalism and comparison. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the reform of the Social Democratic Party in this organization from five aspects: theory, background, content, effect and enlightenment.
First, the theory of social division, the theory of environmentalism, the theory of institutional change and the theory of party competition explain the reason for the change of Party organization from different angles. The western scholars have also analyzed the three analytical paths of the party organization change, that is, the life cycle analysis path, the analysis path of the system level and the path of catastrophe analysis. In other words, the change of Party organization is a responsive response of political parties to various challenges from outside.
Two, the party is essentially a large organization that is inert to change, but when the party's living environment has changed greatly, in order to keep the party's long life and strong competitiveness, and to ensure that the party is not excluded from the political system, the party has to carry out the corresponding change, that is, the reform of the political party group has a certain background. The change of the Social Democratic Party of Europe also has its own unique international, domestic and own background. Among them, globalization, the development of information, the end of the cold war and the theoretical predicament of democratic socialism are the international background of its change: the changes in social structure and the impact of other non mainstream political parties on it are the domestic background of its change; The internal factors of the change are the complicated organizational structure, the strong class color, the limited political participation channel and the complex party culture which can not meet the requirements of the development of the times.
Three, after the cold war, the change of the Social Democratic Party organization in the post cold war was a comprehensive change. A wide variety of changes have been made in the types of organization, organization, organization, organization, organizational decision-making, organizational discipline and organizational goals. Among them, the Social Democratic Party's characteristics of the party have been further weakened after the cold war. The characteristics of the "all directional party" are more prominent; on the basis of organization, the Social Democratic Party after the cold war has desalinated its class color and drew close to the middle class. From the organization and operation, with the deeper involvement of the media, the role of the members of the Social Democratic Party has been greatly reduced; from the group fabric, the Social Democratic Party's simplified institution after the cold war. Form, strengthen the central power; from the organizational principle, the Social Democratic Party emphasized the practical realization of direct democracy and grass-roots democracy after the cold war. From the organizational discipline, the Social Democratic Party after the cold war used more strict discipline to supervise the party more forcefully; from the organizational goal, the Social Democrats rethink after the cold war. After its socialist goal, it emphasizes the leading role of the core values of social democracy, such as justice, freedom and mutual assistance.
Four, the reform of the Social Democratic Party is still in progress, but in the present time, the goal of its organizational change, that is, the goal of reorganizing the government, has been basically realized, and the Social Democratic Party of all countries has to be in power or political participation. But we should also see that the deep-seated contradictions within the Social Democratic Party still remain unsolved and still face the choice. People's trust and identity crisis, relatively large electoral variables and other issues, its organizational characteristics are gradually disappearing due to the practicality of its policies.
Five, the experience and lessons of the change of the organization of the Social Democratic Party of Europe have an important reference for the reform of the Communist Party of China. It will help us to further strengthen the reform, take new measures to expand democratic decision-making, adjust the power allocation and consolidate the foundation of the ruling, so as to achieve socialist democracy and become a real energy. Modern political parties representing and representing public opinion.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D75

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