苏联公共舆论走向失控和崩溃的前因后果

发布时间：2018-07-07 15:40

本文选题：戈尔巴乔夫 + 公共舆论　；参考：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：苏联的公共舆论状况随着时代的发展,经历了曲折变迁,从列宁时期对于理想雏形的初探开始到斯大林模式下的全面控制,中途虽有短暂“解冻”,但终究在僵化的体制之下呈现出“舆论一律”的文化专制主义倾向。戈尔巴乔夫执政之后,推行“民主化”、“公开性”以及“多元化”,以“人道的民主的社会主义”理论作为党的指导思想,但由于苏共自身文化统治能力的缺失、文化专制主义传统、意识形态的封闭性以及党内斗争等因素影响,苏联公共舆论日趋走向失控和崩溃,导致民众思想严重混乱,各类媒体纷纷脱离党的领导和掌控,苏共的社会基础最终瓦解。本文通过梳理苏联各个时期公共舆论的变迁,着重就戈尔巴乔夫时期苏联公共舆论重构的背景、走向和结局作出分析和总结。论文的第一章对公共舆论的含义和特征、群体表达方式做了描述性的介绍,并对公共舆论和权力运作的关系进行展开论述。第二章主要叙述了苏联不同时期公共舆论状况的曲折变迁及影响因素。第三章从苏共对公共舆论空间重构的努力以及公共舆论对国家和社会的态度两个方向分析戈尔巴乔夫时期苏联公共舆论的变化状况。第四章从公共舆论传播的内容、主体、手段方面阐述戈尔巴乔夫时期公共舆论走向失控和崩溃的表现,从苏共自身文化水平和能力、文化专制主义传统、意识形态特征、党内分歧、领导人与现实的脱离、西方和平演变等方面剖析这一时期公共舆论走向失控和崩溃的原因,进而得出启示:国家权力要正确发挥公共舆论的“安全阀”排解作用,在坚持社会主义方向的前提下把握舆论引导,妥善谨慎处理历史、传统文化遗留和引发的问题,树立正确的历史观,处理好国家和社会的关系。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the state of public opinion in the Soviet Union has undergone tortuous changes. From the beginning of the initial exploration of the ideal embryonic form in Lenin period to the overall control under Stalin mode, there was a brief "thaw" in the middle of the process. But after all, under the rigid system, there is a tendency of cultural autocracy. After Gorbachev came to power, he carried out "democratization", "openness" and "pluralism", taking the theory of "humane democratic socialism" as the guiding ideology of the party, but due to the lack of the Soviet Communist Party's own cultural ruling ability, Under the influence of the cultural autocratic tradition, the closeness of ideology and the inner-party struggle, the Soviet public opinion is getting out of control and collapsing day by day, which leads to the serious confusion of the people's thoughts, and all kinds of media break away from the leadership and control of the Party one after another. The social foundation of the Soviet Communist Party finally collapsed. By combing the changes of public opinion in each period of Soviet Union, this paper analyzes and summarizes the background, trend and outcome of the reconstruction of Soviet public opinion in Gorbachev's time. In the first chapter, the meaning and characteristics of public opinion, the mode of group expression are introduced, and the relationship between public opinion and power operation is discussed. The second chapter mainly narrates the tortuous changes of public opinion in different periods of Soviet Union and its influencing factors. The third chapter analyzes the changes of Soviet public opinion in Gorbachev period from two aspects: the Soviet Communist Party's efforts to reconstruct the space of public opinion and the attitude of public opinion to the state and society. The fourth chapter from the public opinion dissemination content, the main body, the means aspect elaborated Gorbachev period public opinion to go out of control and the collapse performance, from the Soviet Communist Party's own cultural level and the ability, the cultural autocracy tradition, the ideology characteristic. The differences within the Party, the separation of leaders from reality, the peaceful evolution of the West, and so on, analyze the reasons why public opinion has gone out of control and collapsed in this period, and then draw inspiration: the state power should play the role of "safety valve" of public opinion correctly. Under the premise of adhering to the socialist direction, we should grasp the guidance of public opinion, properly handle the problems left over and caused by history, traditional culture, establish a correct view of history, and handle well the relations between the state and society.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D751.2

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