美国国会现代情报授权制度探析

发布时间：2018-07-10 19:27

本文选题：美国国会 + 情报授权　；参考：《人文杂志》2013年06期

【摘要】：美国国会情报授权是指国会相关情报委员会按照宪法和法律规定的规则和程序,对其所管辖范围内的情报机构、情报政策项目或活动进行年度立法审议,通过立法授权支出的决策行为。美国国会委员会"先授权后拨款"的立法传统、1970年代以来美国国会与总统争夺情报领域的决策权等因素,共同导致美国国会在70年代中期建立起以参众两院情报委员会为中心的现代情报授权制度。此后美国情报活动的授权一直是通过国会情报委员会审议和批准独立的年度情报授权法案的方式进行。尽管存在着结构性的制度缺陷,但在"9·11"事件后总统情报决策权力膨胀的背景下,情报授权制度成为国会监督和制约总统行政权力扩张、维护美国分权制衡的政治体制的重要手段。
[Abstract]:Congressional intelligence authorization refers to the annual legislative review of intelligence agencies, intelligence policy items or activities within its jurisdiction by the relevant congressional intelligence committees in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed by the Constitution and laws. The decision-making act of authorizing expenditure by legislation. The legislative tradition of the US Congressional Committee of "first authorizing and then allocating funds" has been due to the fact that since the 1970s, the United States Congress and the President have been competing for decision-making power in the field of intelligence. This led to the establishment by Congress in the mid-1970s of a modern intelligence authorization system centered on the Senate and House Intelligence Committees. Since then, U.S. intelligence activities have been authorized through the Congressional Intelligence Committee to consider and approve the independent Annual Intelligence Authorization Act. Despite the structural system defects, the intelligence authorization system has become the Congress to supervise and restrict the expansion of the president's executive power under the background of the expansion of the presidential intelligence decision-making power after the September 11 incident. An important means of maintaining the American political system of separation of powers and checks and balances.
【作者单位】：西北大学历史学院;
【基金】：2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区青年基金项目(项目号:11XJC770003) 陕西省教育厅2010年科学研究资助项目(人文社科专项)(项目号:2010JK298)
【分类号】：D771.2

【共引文献】