论斯大林的民族政策

发布时间：2018-07-11 09:33

本文选题：斯大林 + 民族政策　；参考：《山东师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：斯大林作为历史上一个重要的人物,被称为苏联布尔什维克党内的民族问题专家。从1923年4月到1953年3月,斯大林担任苏共总书记和国家主要领导职务长达30年。在领导和探索苏维埃社会主义建设的过程中,斯大林针对俄国的多民族状况以及沙皇俄国遗留下来的严重的民族问题,面对国外资本主义寻找新的市场、廉价的劳动力和投资场所的扩张以及国际纠纷和战争的威胁,结合俄国的实际情况,制定了一系列的民族政策,为马克思主义理论宝库增添了许多新的内容。文章主要从三个部分展开论述: 第一部分分析了斯大林民族政策是由众多因素综合影响形成的,斯大林作为一个马克思主义者,主要是受马克思主义影响,理论基础主要源于马克思主义。列宁作为俄国的革命导师,他的民族政策和民族理论,对斯大林的民族理论的形成以及民族政策的制定有着直接的影响。斯大林民族政策的现实来源则主要是在当时复杂的民族状况和个人经历以及传统的民族观点。第二部分分析了斯大林民族政策的内容。第一,强调民族平等,团结统一。确定民族平等问题为首要解决问题,主张由法律上规定的民族平等到民族间事实上的平等,同时分析了民族团结的阻碍。第二,注重少数民族地区的发展。斯大林着力从经济、文化教育等方面发展少数民族,把实现各民族的共同繁荣作为党和国家民族政策的根本任务。第三,由最初的主张民族自决到强调民族权利高度集中。斯大林在培养民族干部的基础上保证了民族自决。然而随着历史条件和个人思想的变化,逐渐由民族自决开始向权利的高度集中过渡,国家结构形式也由原来拥护的联邦制度转变为单一制度。第四,由主要反对大俄罗斯沙文主义到主要反对地方民族主义。斯大林认为民族主义(包括大俄罗斯和地方民族主义)是民族平等团结的重大障碍。他把正确地开展反对民族主义的斗争,作为党的民族政策的一项重要内容。开始主张反对大俄罗斯主义,地方民族主义在不久之后却被斯大林当成了主要危险。第三部分重点对斯大林的民族政策进行评价。第一,分析了斯大林民族政策实施的成效,民族经济、民族文化教育事业得到一定发展,培养了一大批民族干部,建立了具有特色的联盟体制。促进了苏联社会相对稳定的发展。广大少数民族摆脱了长期的物质和精神上的落后状态,进入了社会主义社会。第二,分析了斯大林的民族政策在实施上的失误及原因。斯大林的政策给民族经济造成了的疮伤,残害了一大批少数民族干部等等。第三,重点分析了对其他国家解决民族问题的启示。首先,民族问题始终并且一直是一个必须认真对待的重大问题,应将其置于政治、经济、文化和社会等问题同样的高度来对待。其次,要科学分析、充分认识了解社会矛盾和社会民族状况,正确处理民族问题。我国要坚持贯彻民族区域自治制度。最后,必须坚持理论与实践紧密结合,理论联系实际,根据实际情况不断进行创新发展,解放思想,实事求是,与时俱进。斯大林民族政策具有明显的双重性,它作为斯大林社会主义苏联模式的重要组成部分,有着重要的理论和实践意义,它是对马克思恩格斯和列宁民族理论的继承和创新。然而在实施的过程中却与内容背道而驰,出现了一定的失误。
[Abstract]:As an important figure in history, Stalin was called the national expert of the Bull J Vic party in the Soviet Union. From April 1923 to March 1953, Stalin served as the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and the main leading position of the state for 30 years. In the process of leading and exploring the construction of Soviet Socialist socialism, Stalin was aimed at the multi-ethnic situation of Russia. As well as the serious national problems left by the Czar Russia, facing the new market of foreign capitalism, the expansion of cheap labor and investment places and the threat of international disputes and wars, a series of national policies were formulated in combination with the actual situation of Russia, which added a lot of new contents to the treasure house of Marx doctrine.
The article is mainly discussed from three parts.
The first part analyses that Stalin's national policy is formed by the comprehensive influence of many factors. As a Marx, Stalin is mainly influenced by Marx, and the theoretical basis is mainly from Marx. Lenin is a Russian revolutionary tutor, his national policy and national theory, and the form of Stalin's national theory. The development of the national policy has a direct influence. The actual source of Stalin's national policy is mainly in the complex national situation and personal experience at that time, as well as the traditional national viewpoint.
The second part analyzes the content of Stalin's national policy. First, it emphasizes national equality, unity and unity. It is the primary solution to determine the problem of national equality. It advocates the equality of nationalities from the law to the de facto equality among ethnic groups. At the same time, it analyzes the obstacles of national unity. Second, emphasis on the development of ethnic minority areas. Stalin is on the basis of the development of ethnic minority areas. To develop ethnic minorities from economic, cultural and educational aspects, and to realize the common prosperity of all nationalities as the fundamental task of the national policy of the party and the state. Third, from the initial advocating of national self-determination to a high concentration of national rights. Stalin has guaranteed national self-determination on the basis of cultivating ethnic cadres. The change of human thought gradually changed from the national self-determination to the high concentration of rights, and the form of state structure was transformed from the original Confederate system to a single system. Fourth, from the main opposition to the chauvinism of the great Russia to the local nationalism. Stalin believed that the people's Doctrine (including the Russian and local nationalism) was mainly opposed to the local nationalism. It was a major obstacle to the equality and unity of the nation. He carried out the struggle against nationalism correctly, as an important part of the party's national policy. He began to oppose the great Russian doctrine, and the local nationalism was regarded as the main danger by Stalin in the near future.
The third part focuses on the evaluation of Stalin's national policy. First, it analyses the effect of the implementation of Stalin's national policy, the national economy, the national culture and education cause a certain development, the cultivation of a large number of Ethnic Cadres and the establishment of a characteristic alliance system. Take off the long-term material and spiritual backward state, enter the socialist society. Second, analysis of Stalin's national policy in the implementation of errors and reasons. Stalin's policy to the national economy caused by sore, a large number of minority cadres and so on. Third, the emphasis on other countries to solve the national problems. First, the national problem has always been a serious problem that must be taken seriously and should be treated at the same level of political, economic, cultural and social issues. Secondly, we should make a scientific analysis, fully understand the social contradictions and the state of the society, and correctly deal with the national problems. China should adhere to the national zone. In the end, we must adhere to the close combination of theory and practice, theory and practice, continuous innovation and development according to the actual situation, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and keeping pace with the times.
Stalin's national policy has obvious dual character. As an important part of the socialist socialist Soviet model of Stalin, it has important theoretical and practical significance. It is the inheritance and innovation of Marx Engels and Lenin's national theory. However, it runs counter to the content in the process of implementation, and there is a certain error.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：A831;D562

【引证文献】