民族主义、国家结构与国际化——南斯拉夫民族问题研究
发布时间：2018-07-14 08:41
【摘要】： 本文是对南斯拉夫民族问题进行的一项比较全面和系统的跨学科研究。文中提及的“南斯拉夫”(或“前南斯拉夫”)，一般是指1945-1991年南斯拉夫联邦所涵盖的疆域范围。 本文从南斯拉夫所处的文明结合部这一地缘特征出发，围绕南斯拉夫民族问题的起伏消长，挖掘南斯拉夫民族危机的文化和制度根源，梳理和考察历史与现实、国内和国际因素的制约互动。本文要解决的主要问题是：1、民族主义为何成为威胁与破坏南斯拉大多民族统一的顽症。2、南共联盟处理民族问题失策的根源何在。3、南斯拉夫民族问题与冷战后国际关系。作者主要观点如下： 其一，到16世纪，在南斯拉夫各民族同中有异的基础上，，整个南斯拉夫已分裂为西欧天主教文明、斯拉夫东正教文明和土耳其伊斯兰文明三大块，形成南斯拉夫各民族分野与交融同时并存、交错重叠的状态。这种民族文化错综复杂的状态，铸就了南斯拉夫根深蒂固、盘根错节的民族宗教冲突。由此，文明断层带构成南斯拉夫民族问题长期存在的内在文化根源。 其二，在对南斯拉夫具体国情(尤其是民族问题)认识比较成熟的基础上，铁托为首的南共以联邦制再建南斯拉夫多民族的统一国家。南斯拉夫联邦时期民族问题从缓解到激化的消长历程，其缘由并非在于南共对联邦制这一国家结构的选择，而是南斯拉夫在自治社会主义制度探索和改革中，其联邦制发生了过度分权、强调民族绝对平等的“邦联化”畸变，这种制度变迁上的失误才是南斯拉夫民族问题重浮水面的主要原委。 其三，20世纪末南斯拉夫失去了冷战时期在东西方对抗中所享有的地缘政治利益，自身还在苏东剧变大潮的冲击中发生着深刻的体制变迁，与政治、经济危机相伴而来的民族危机最终导致国家分裂，并引起一系列愈益惨烈的武装冲突和战争，威胁着巴尔干半岛和欧洲的安全与稳定。同时，世界各大国和国际集团也从各自利益和战略意图出发，进行纵横捭阖的干预，甚至从调停者变成了参与者、主导者。由此90年代南斯拉夫民族问题明显呈现国际化的特征和趋势，成为错综复杂的冷战后国际关系和世界格局发展的多棱镜。 本文的基本结构和内容安排如下: 第一篇两章是关于20世纪中叶以前南斯拉夫民族问题的历时性研究。 第一章从文明结合部的视角阐述南斯拉夫民族问题形成的地缘、民族、宗 教、文化、历史基础。指出:南斯拉夫民族问题不仅内涵复杂，而且由来己久， 这与南斯拉夫地处巴尔干文明结合部关联密切。南斯拉夫地处欧洲文明断层带南 段，西方天主教拉丁文明、斯拉夫东正教文明和土耳其伊斯兰文明在此三足鼎立， 民族文化的交融碰撞造就了南斯拉夫民族问题长期存在的内在文化根源。 第二章在16世纪到二战结束400多年的历史大跨度中，宏观考察南斯拉夫 各族的民族认同与冲突。内容为:在东西方列强角逐巴尔干的历史背景五近代南 斯拉夫民族主义运动逐渐兴起。虽然一战促使南斯拉夫统一民族国家梦幻成真， 但王国大塞尔维亚主义霸权统治无视克族等非塞族的民族权益及他们的联邦主 义要求，致使南斯拉夫民族问题在原有基础上明显突出。二战期间法西斯唆使南 斯拉夫各族间相互仇杀，严重地加剧南斯拉夫内部的民族隔阂和仇恨。 第二篇四章集中分析联邦制与南斯拉夫民族问题的关系。 第三章主要是研究冷战时期南斯拉夫联邦民族问题的消长起伏，内容为: 在“兄弟团结和统一”的民族政策指导下，铁托为首的南共在取得民族解放战争 胜利后，以联邦制重新建立了南斯拉夫多民族统一的国家，历史遗留下来的民族 矛盾和冲突也一度得到缓解。但随着自治社会主义改革实践的发展，60年代中 期到70年代初南斯拉夫民族关系再现危机;在80年代经济危机的背景下，科索 沃地区阿族骚乱成为南斯拉夫民族问题重新激化的标志。 第四章主要从宪政改革的视角论述南斯拉夫联邦制的演变对民族问题的影 响。指出:联邦制作为南斯拉夫国家结构形式，原本是南共蒸秘民族问题在国 家的统一性与地方的多样性之间寻求一种平衡，然而在南斯拉夫联邦制的演变却 最终陷入了“邦联化”的陷阱，从而在分权与集权的失衡中加速了南联邦的解体。 第五章侧重考察南斯拉夫联邦经济体制对民族问题的消极影响。内容为: 在国家经济职能消亡论指导下，南斯拉夫经济体制的演变出现过度分权的弊端， 既使联邦中央失去了必要的政府干预能力，又使联邦统一市场分割为各个相互封 闭的地方经济体系，造就了各共和国经济民族主义和分离主义运动的经济基础。 第六章专就南联邦政府在民族理论和政策上的失误进行分析。指出:在民 族政策貌似公正的外表下，南共政府实际却犯下把民族平等和差异推向绝对的极 端化错误;在错误的“弱塞而强南”观念指导下，铁托等南共领导人推行钳制塞 尔维亚的路线:另外联邦政府在民族理论和政策上的失误还表现为民族概念的混 乱，包括人为地制造波黑穆斯林民族;这一切均埋下了南斯拉夫民族危机的祸根。 第三篇三章侧重对冷战后时代南斯拉夫民族问题国际化的研究。 第七章阐述世界格局演变中的南斯拉夫联邦解体。内容为:在?
[Abstract]:This article is a comprehensive and systematic interdisciplinary study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia. The "Yugoslavia" (or "former Yugoslavia") referred to in the article generally refers to the territory covered by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for 1945-1991 years.
This article, based on the geopolitical characteristics of the Ministry of civilization in Yugoslavia, revolves around the fluctuation and decline of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia, excavates the cultural and institutional roots of the Yugoslavia national crisis, combs and examines the history and reality, and the constraints between the domestic and international factors. The main problems to be solved are as follows: 1, nationalism is why In order to threaten and destroy the stubborn disease of the national unity of the Nancy.2, what is the root of the alliance to deal with national problems is in.3, the Yugoslavia national problem and the post Cold War international relations. The main points of the author are as follows:
First, by sixteenth Century, on the basis of different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia, the whole Yugoslavia has been divided into Western European Catholic civilization, Slavic orthodox civilization and Turkey Islamic civilization in three big blocks, forming a state of concurrently coexistence and overlapping of all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. This state of ethnic culture is complex, It created the deep-rooted and intersected ethnic and religious conflicts in Yugoslavia. Therefore, the civilization fault zone constitutes the inherent cultural root of the long-term existence of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
Secondly, on the basis of the more mature understanding of the specific national conditions of Yugoslavia (especially the national problem), the southern Communist Party, headed by Tito, reconstructs the United States of multi nationalities in Yugoslavia. The ethnic problems in the period of the Yugoslavia federal period from remission to the sharpening process are not due to the national structure of the federalism of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China. The choice, but in the exploration and reform of the autonomous socialist system in Yugoslavia, has taken place over the power of the federal system, emphasizing the "Confederacy" distortion of the absolute equality of the nation. The failure of this system change is the main original Committee of the re floating of the Yugoslavia national problem.
Third, at the end of the twentieth Century, Yugoslavia lost the geopolitical interests of the cold war in the East and the West. It also had a profound institutional change in the shock of the great tide of the Soviet Union and East Asia. The national crisis accompanied by the political and economic crisis eventually led to the split of the state, and caused a series of armed conflicts and a series of violent armed conflicts. The war threatens the security and stability of the Balkans and Europe. At the same time, the great powers and international groups of the world have also intervened from their own interests and strategic intentions, even from the mediators to the participants and the leaders. In 90s, the national problem of Yugoslavia was clearly characterized and the trend of internationalization. The complex prism of international relations and the development of world pattern after the cold war.
The basic structure and content of this article are as follows:
The first two chapters are a diachronic study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia before the middle of twentieth Century.
The first chapter expounds the geopolitical, ethnic and religious issues of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems from the perspective of civilization integration.
Teaching, culture and historical basis. It points out that Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are not only complex in meaning but also long in origin.
This is closely related to Yugoslavia's integration with the Balkan civilization. Yugoslavia is located in the south of the European civilization fault belt.
The Western Roman Catholic civilization, the Slavic orthodox civilization and the Islamic civilization of Turkey stand in tripartite confrontation.
The collision of national culture has created the inherent cultural root of the long-standing existence of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
In the second chapter, from sixteenth Century to the end of World War II, over 400 years of historical span, Yugoslavia was macroscopically investigated.
The ethnic identity and conflict of all ethnic groups: the historical background of the Balkans competing in the East and west powers: Five
The Slavic nationalism movement is gradually emerging. Although the first World War has led to the unification of Yugoslavia, the dream of a nation state has come true.
But the great Serbia hegemony of the Kingdom disregarded the ethnic interests of the non Serbs and their federalism.
Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are obviously prominent on the original basis. During the Second World War, fascist instigated the south.
The mutual hostility between Slavic peoples has seriously aggravated ethnic barriers and hatred within Yugoslavia.
The second four chapters focus on the relationship between federalism and Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
The third chapter is mainly about the growth and decline of Yugoslavia's national problems during the cold war.
Under the guidance of the national policy of "fraternal solidarity and unity", the South Communist Party headed by Tito was in the war of national liberation.
After the victory, the federal system was used to rebuild Yugoslavia's multi-ethnic and unified nation.
Contradictions and conflicts were relieved for a while. But with the development of the practice of autonomous socialist reform, the middle of 60s.
From the early 70s to the early 70s, the crisis of national relations in the Republic of China was reappearing. In the context of the economic crisis of 80s, kosso
The Albanian riots in the fertile area have become the symbol of the intensification of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the influence of the evolution of Yugoslavia's federalism on ethnic issues from the perspective of constitutional reform.
It is pointed out that federal production is a form of Yugoslavia's national structure.
There is a balance between the unity of the family and the diversity of the place, but in the evolution of the federalism in Yugoslavia
Finally, they fell into the trap of "Confederation" and accelerated the disintegration of the South Federal Union in the imbalance between decentralization and centralization.
The fifth chapter focuses on the negative impact of Yugoslavia's federal economic system on ethnic issues.
Under the guidance of the disappearance of the national economic function, the evolution of Yugoslavia's economic system has the disadvantages of over decentralization.
Even if the federal central government lost the necessary ability of government intervention, the federal unified market was divided into various seals.
The closed local economic system has created the economic foundation of the economic nationalism and Separatism Movement of the republics.
The sixth chapter analyzes the mistakes made by the federal government in Ethnic Theory and policy.
Under the seemingly fair appearance of the ethnic policy, the Communist Party of South Korea actually pushed the equality and difference of nationalities to the absolute poles.
Under the guidance of the concept of "weak and strong south", the leaders of the Communist Party of Tito and other leaders adopted the plug.
The route of the other countries: the federal government's fault in Ethnic Theory and policy is also reflected in the confusion of national concepts.
Chaos, including artificially created Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim people, all of which have laid the root of the national crisis in Yugoslavia.
The third three chapter focuses on the internationalization of Yugoslavia's ethnic issues in the post Cold War era.
The seventh chapter expounds the disintegration of Yugoslavia Federation in the evolution of world structure.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D75
本文编号：2121095
[Abstract]:This article is a comprehensive and systematic interdisciplinary study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia. The "Yugoslavia" (or "former Yugoslavia") referred to in the article generally refers to the territory covered by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for 1945-1991 years.
This article, based on the geopolitical characteristics of the Ministry of civilization in Yugoslavia, revolves around the fluctuation and decline of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia, excavates the cultural and institutional roots of the Yugoslavia national crisis, combs and examines the history and reality, and the constraints between the domestic and international factors. The main problems to be solved are as follows: 1, nationalism is why In order to threaten and destroy the stubborn disease of the national unity of the Nancy.2, what is the root of the alliance to deal with national problems is in.3, the Yugoslavia national problem and the post Cold War international relations. The main points of the author are as follows:
First, by sixteenth Century, on the basis of different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia, the whole Yugoslavia has been divided into Western European Catholic civilization, Slavic orthodox civilization and Turkey Islamic civilization in three big blocks, forming a state of concurrently coexistence and overlapping of all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. This state of ethnic culture is complex, It created the deep-rooted and intersected ethnic and religious conflicts in Yugoslavia. Therefore, the civilization fault zone constitutes the inherent cultural root of the long-term existence of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
Secondly, on the basis of the more mature understanding of the specific national conditions of Yugoslavia (especially the national problem), the southern Communist Party, headed by Tito, reconstructs the United States of multi nationalities in Yugoslavia. The ethnic problems in the period of the Yugoslavia federal period from remission to the sharpening process are not due to the national structure of the federalism of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China. The choice, but in the exploration and reform of the autonomous socialist system in Yugoslavia, has taken place over the power of the federal system, emphasizing the "Confederacy" distortion of the absolute equality of the nation. The failure of this system change is the main original Committee of the re floating of the Yugoslavia national problem.
Third, at the end of the twentieth Century, Yugoslavia lost the geopolitical interests of the cold war in the East and the West. It also had a profound institutional change in the shock of the great tide of the Soviet Union and East Asia. The national crisis accompanied by the political and economic crisis eventually led to the split of the state, and caused a series of armed conflicts and a series of violent armed conflicts. The war threatens the security and stability of the Balkans and Europe. At the same time, the great powers and international groups of the world have also intervened from their own interests and strategic intentions, even from the mediators to the participants and the leaders. In 90s, the national problem of Yugoslavia was clearly characterized and the trend of internationalization. The complex prism of international relations and the development of world pattern after the cold war.
The basic structure and content of this article are as follows:
The first two chapters are a diachronic study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia before the middle of twentieth Century.
The first chapter expounds the geopolitical, ethnic and religious issues of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems from the perspective of civilization integration.
Teaching, culture and historical basis. It points out that Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are not only complex in meaning but also long in origin.
This is closely related to Yugoslavia's integration with the Balkan civilization. Yugoslavia is located in the south of the European civilization fault belt.
The Western Roman Catholic civilization, the Slavic orthodox civilization and the Islamic civilization of Turkey stand in tripartite confrontation.
The collision of national culture has created the inherent cultural root of the long-standing existence of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
In the second chapter, from sixteenth Century to the end of World War II, over 400 years of historical span, Yugoslavia was macroscopically investigated.
The ethnic identity and conflict of all ethnic groups: the historical background of the Balkans competing in the East and west powers: Five
The Slavic nationalism movement is gradually emerging. Although the first World War has led to the unification of Yugoslavia, the dream of a nation state has come true.
But the great Serbia hegemony of the Kingdom disregarded the ethnic interests of the non Serbs and their federalism.
Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are obviously prominent on the original basis. During the Second World War, fascist instigated the south.
The mutual hostility between Slavic peoples has seriously aggravated ethnic barriers and hatred within Yugoslavia.
The second four chapters focus on the relationship between federalism and Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
The third chapter is mainly about the growth and decline of Yugoslavia's national problems during the cold war.
Under the guidance of the national policy of "fraternal solidarity and unity", the South Communist Party headed by Tito was in the war of national liberation.
After the victory, the federal system was used to rebuild Yugoslavia's multi-ethnic and unified nation.
Contradictions and conflicts were relieved for a while. But with the development of the practice of autonomous socialist reform, the middle of 60s.
From the early 70s to the early 70s, the crisis of national relations in the Republic of China was reappearing. In the context of the economic crisis of 80s, kosso
The Albanian riots in the fertile area have become the symbol of the intensification of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the influence of the evolution of Yugoslavia's federalism on ethnic issues from the perspective of constitutional reform.
It is pointed out that federal production is a form of Yugoslavia's national structure.
There is a balance between the unity of the family and the diversity of the place, but in the evolution of the federalism in Yugoslavia
Finally, they fell into the trap of "Confederation" and accelerated the disintegration of the South Federal Union in the imbalance between decentralization and centralization.
The fifth chapter focuses on the negative impact of Yugoslavia's federal economic system on ethnic issues.
Under the guidance of the disappearance of the national economic function, the evolution of Yugoslavia's economic system has the disadvantages of over decentralization.
Even if the federal central government lost the necessary ability of government intervention, the federal unified market was divided into various seals.
The closed local economic system has created the economic foundation of the economic nationalism and Separatism Movement of the republics.
The sixth chapter analyzes the mistakes made by the federal government in Ethnic Theory and policy.
Under the seemingly fair appearance of the ethnic policy, the Communist Party of South Korea actually pushed the equality and difference of nationalities to the absolute poles.
Under the guidance of the concept of "weak and strong south", the leaders of the Communist Party of Tito and other leaders adopted the plug.
The route of the other countries: the federal government's fault in Ethnic Theory and policy is also reflected in the confusion of national concepts.
Chaos, including artificially created Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim people, all of which have laid the root of the national crisis in Yugoslavia.
The third three chapter focuses on the internationalization of Yugoslavia's ethnic issues in the post Cold War era.
The seventh chapter expounds the disintegration of Yugoslavia Federation in the evolution of world structure.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D75
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 张洁;;灾难外交与民族冲突解决的路径选择——以印尼和斯里兰卡为比较样本[J];太平洋学报;2011年11期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 侯发兵;民族利益关系形态探析[D];中国社会科学院研究生院;2013年
本文编号：2121095
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