政党意识形态与卫生政策:英国国民健康服务体系变迁的政治学

发布时间：2018-07-22 15:43

【摘要】：本文分析英国国民健康服务体系(The National Health Service,NHS)改革和转型中,政党意识形态对医疗政策的影响。医疗卫生在英国一直是各届政府执政的核心议题,随着持有不同意识形态的政党当政,英国的医疗卫生政策发生了很大变化:二战后工党在国家福利主义和集体主义指引下建立旨在体现公平正义的NHS;20世纪70年代末保守党当政后在新自由主义思潮下着重提高NHS的运作效率;90年代末工党重新执政,在社群主义和第三条道路的指导下对NHS进行新的改革。尽管政治体制不同,中国过去几十年的医疗变化大体上也经历了与英国类似的由不同意识形态主导的三阶段,显示了政府不断自我更新、转变观念和意识的过程,然而,我国医疗政策的讨论与制定在过去二三十年被经济和科学原则主导,似乎医疗政策与改革是在政治真空的环境中运行的。本文认为分析中国医疗改革需要纳入政治因素把医疗卫生体制改革的政治变为显学。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the influence of party ideology on medical policy in the reform and transformation of the National Health Service NHS. Health care has been a central issue of government in Britain, with political parties with different ideologies coming to power. Great changes have taken place in British health policy: after World War II, the Labour Party set up the NHS under the guidance of national welfarism and collectivism to embody fairness and justice. After the Conservative Party came to power in the late 1970s, it was under the trend of neoliberal thought. Focusing on improving the efficiency of the NHS, the Labour Party returned to power at the end of the 1990s. Under the guidance of communitarianism and the third path, the NHS will be reformed. Despite the differences in the political system, China's medical changes over the past few decades have generally gone through three stages, similar to those in the UK, dominated by different ideologies, showing a process of continuous self-renewal, change of ideas and awareness of the government, however, The discussion and formulation of medical policy in China has been dominated by economic and scientific principles in the past 20 or 30 years. It seems that medical policy and reform are operating in a political vacuum. This paper argues that the analysis of China's health care reform needs to incorporate political factors to transform the politics of medical and health system reform into a prominent school.
【作者单位】：中山大学社会学与人类学学院;中山大学公共卫生学院;
【分类号】：R199;D756.1

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