西方政党与社会的关系变迁:一种复合结盟的分析框架

发布时间：2018-07-24 16:18

【摘要】：20世纪中后期,西方政党与社会关系发生了深刻变化,传统的政党结盟理论的解释力越来越受到挑战。对此,西方一些学者提出了再结盟和解盟的分析框架。这两种分析框架存在单向解释和静态解释等缺陷。为此,我们可以尝试提出一种复合结盟的分析框架来解释这一变化。与传统结盟关系相比,复合结盟关系具有弱关系、开放性、技术依赖、局部动员、层级结构等特点。复合结盟关系出现的原因主要体现在中间选民的大量出现、媒体政治的兴起、后物质主义价值观的传播以及政党的政治输出功能弱化等方面。复合结盟策略使得政党在政治竞争中更具有优势,然而,这一策略却在一定程度上导致了代议政治的失效和技术政治的泛滥。复合结盟模式实际上是介于传统结盟模式与再结盟和解盟模式之间的中间状态或变动状态,它在未来会成为西方政党应对政治社会关系变迁的一种主流模式。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late 20th century, the western political parties and social relations have undergone profound changes, and the explanatory power of the traditional party alliance theory has been challenged more and more. In response, some western scholars put forward the analytical framework of re-alliance and reconciliation alliance. These two analytical frameworks have shortcomings such as one-way interpretation and static interpretation. To this end, we can try to propose a composite alliance analysis framework to explain this change. Compared with the traditional alliance, the compound alliance has the characteristics of weak relationship, openness, technological dependence, partial mobilization and hierarchical structure. The main reasons for the emergence of compound alliance are the emergence of a large number of middle voters, the rise of media politics, the spread of post-materialistic values and the weakening of the political output function of political parties. The compound alliance strategy makes the political parties have more advantages in the political competition, but to some extent, this strategy leads to the invalidation of representative politics and the proliferation of technical politics. In fact, the compound alliance mode is between the traditional alliance mode and the re-alliance and reconciliation alliance model, which will become a mainstream mode for Western political parties to cope with the political and social relations in the future.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学政治学研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学青年项目“党群协商与群众工作创新实践研究”(项目编号:11CZZ018) 上海市教委科研创新项目“国际比较视野下的执政党与公民社会联结机制研究”(项目编号:11YS185) 上海市市本级比较政治学学科建设项目的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D564

【共引文献】