拉丁美洲中产阶级研究
发布时间：2018-07-31 14:52
【摘要】：本文采用定量和定性分析相结合、历史分析和比较分析相结合的方法，系统考察了拉美国家中产阶级的历史演变过程，并以此为基础，分析了20世纪80~90年代拉美中产阶级面临的脆弱性，重点探究其背后的政策性根源。同时，通过与新世纪拉美积极的政策实践的比较，表明中产阶级的成长既依靠个人的努力，更需要社会政策的推动和保障。正文内容如下： 1.中产阶级的界定及其在拉美的适用性 本章首先探讨了世界范围内有关中产阶级的概念和界定标准，梳理了关于中产阶级功能的诸多文献。在比较分析不同的中产阶级概念和界定标准之后，笔者提出了适用拉美的界定标准，并指出中产阶级的功能和角色同样适用于拉美，而不存在所谓的“拉美中产阶级的悖论”。 2.拉美中产阶级的形成和发展 本章主要从历史的角度，分阶段展示了拉美中产阶级的形成和发展过程，并重点分析了推动拉美中产阶级形成和发展的几大要素：工业化、城市化、公共教育、国际移民，，以及公共部门的扩张等。 3.拉美中产阶级的脆弱性及其表现 本章主要展现20世纪80年代债务危机后的结构性调整和随后的新自由主义改革给拉美中产阶级带来的一系列挑战：新贫困、失业、虚假的社会流动、焦虑和不安全，以及中产阶级的海外移民等，借以揭示中产阶级在80年代直至21世纪初的20多年间面临的困境。 4.拉美中产阶级的脆弱性：政策视角 本章主要分析了20世纪80~90年代拉美中产阶级停滞不前的诸方面根源，指出，拉美中产阶级的衰落和停滞，一方面源于经济的衰退，另一方面则根源于社会政策赤字或社会政策失灵；并着重从收入分配严重不公、教育流动性不足、税收制度和公共支出的累退性，以及社会保障制度的弱化等四个维度进行分析。 5.拉美中产阶级的未来 本章是对拉美中产阶级未来的展望。这里首先肯定了中产阶级之于拉美未来发展的重要性，并紧随其后提出了巩固和发展中产阶级的一系列政策性意见。笔者认为，政策培育是拉美中产阶级未来实现可持续发展的关键。基于此，拉美的决策者们必须改变过去的路径依赖，将20世纪80~90年代的“亲富式”改革和过去10年的“亲贫式”增长转变为一个开放性的、包容中产阶级的增长。
[Abstract]:This paper, by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis, systematically examines the historical evolution of the middle class in Latin American countries. This paper analyzes the vulnerability of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990's, and probes into the policy root behind it. At the same time, by comparing with the positive policy practice in Latin America in the new century, it shows that the growth of the middle class depends not only on the efforts of individuals, but also on the promotion and protection of social policies. The text is as follows: 1. The definition of middle class and its applicability in Latin America this chapter first discusses the concept and criteria of middle class in the world, and combs many literatures on the function of middle class. After a comparative analysis of different concepts and criteria of middle class, the author puts forward the definition criteria for Latin America, and points out that the functions and roles of middle class are also applicable to Latin America. There is no so-called "Latin American middle class paradox." 2. The formation and development of the middle class in Latin America this chapter mainly shows the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America from the historical point of view. It also focuses on the factors driving the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America: industrialization, urbanization, public education, international migration, and the expansion of the public sector. The vulnerability of the Latin American middle class and its manifestations this chapter presents a series of challenges to the Latin American middle class: new poverty, unemployment, structural adjustment after the debt crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent neoliberal reforms. False social mobility, anxiety and insecurity, as well as middle-class emigration, reveal the plight of the middle class in the 1980s to the early 2000s. Vulnerability of the Latin American Middle Class: this chapter mainly analyzes the causes of the stagnation of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990s, pointing out that the decline and stagnation of the Latin American middle class, on the one hand, stem from the recession of the economy. On the other hand, it is rooted in the deficit of social policy or the failure of social policy, and focuses on the serious unfair distribution of income, the lack of mobility of education, the regressive nature of the tax system and public expenditure, As well as the weakening of the social security system and four dimensions of analysis. 5. The future of the Latin American middle class this chapter is the future of the Latin American middle class outlook. The importance of the middle class to the future development of Latin America is first affirmed, followed by a series of policy suggestions for the consolidation and development of the middle class. The author believes that policy cultivation is the key to the sustainable development of Latin American middle class in the future. Based on this, Latin American policymakers must change the path dependence of the past, transforming the "pro-rich" reforms of the 1980s and 1990s and the "pro-poor" growth of the past decade into an open, middle-class growth.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D773
本文编号：2155934
[Abstract]:This paper, by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis, systematically examines the historical evolution of the middle class in Latin American countries. This paper analyzes the vulnerability of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990's, and probes into the policy root behind it. At the same time, by comparing with the positive policy practice in Latin America in the new century, it shows that the growth of the middle class depends not only on the efforts of individuals, but also on the promotion and protection of social policies. The text is as follows: 1. The definition of middle class and its applicability in Latin America this chapter first discusses the concept and criteria of middle class in the world, and combs many literatures on the function of middle class. After a comparative analysis of different concepts and criteria of middle class, the author puts forward the definition criteria for Latin America, and points out that the functions and roles of middle class are also applicable to Latin America. There is no so-called "Latin American middle class paradox." 2. The formation and development of the middle class in Latin America this chapter mainly shows the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America from the historical point of view. It also focuses on the factors driving the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America: industrialization, urbanization, public education, international migration, and the expansion of the public sector. The vulnerability of the Latin American middle class and its manifestations this chapter presents a series of challenges to the Latin American middle class: new poverty, unemployment, structural adjustment after the debt crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent neoliberal reforms. False social mobility, anxiety and insecurity, as well as middle-class emigration, reveal the plight of the middle class in the 1980s to the early 2000s. Vulnerability of the Latin American Middle Class: this chapter mainly analyzes the causes of the stagnation of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990s, pointing out that the decline and stagnation of the Latin American middle class, on the one hand, stem from the recession of the economy. On the other hand, it is rooted in the deficit of social policy or the failure of social policy, and focuses on the serious unfair distribution of income, the lack of mobility of education, the regressive nature of the tax system and public expenditure, As well as the weakening of the social security system and four dimensions of analysis. 5. The future of the Latin American middle class this chapter is the future of the Latin American middle class outlook. The importance of the middle class to the future development of Latin America is first affirmed, followed by a series of policy suggestions for the consolidation and development of the middle class. The author believes that policy cultivation is the key to the sustainable development of Latin American middle class in the future. Based on this, Latin American policymakers must change the path dependence of the past, transforming the "pro-rich" reforms of the 1980s and 1990s and the "pro-poor" growth of the past decade into an open, middle-class growth.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D773
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