新加坡人民行动党执政形态研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 12:42

【摘要】：新加坡经济和社会超乎寻常的发展被称为“新加坡之谜”。在试图揭示“谜底”的过程中，人们往往未能选择人民行动党执政形态这个独特而关键的视角。正如李光耀所说，“没有行动党就没有现代的新加坡”。人民行动党在新加坡现代化进程中起了决定性作用，研究人民行动党的执政形态无疑有助于我们解读新加坡的成功之道，人民行动党的执政经验是世界政党政治经验宝库中的重要成果。研究一个政党的执政形态，是一个相当复杂的课题，涉及的内容十分广泛，要穷尽其全部内容是一项很浩大的工程。政党执政形态研究的要素很多，如执政地位的确立与巩固，执政历史，执政环境，意识形态和执政理念，执政目标，执政特点，执政本质，执政机制，执政合法性，执政规律，执政能力，执政经验，执政前景，等等。由于这些要素的内容有些是相互交错重叠的，逐一研究难免会有某些重复，所以，我们对人民行动党执政形态的研究选取了以下要素：执政地位的确立与巩固，执政环境，意识形态和执政理念，执政机制，执政合法性，执政经验，执政前景。这些要素涵盖了政党执政形态研究的基本内容。在研究中，我们力求抓住要点，使整个工作显得系统而不零碎。第一章回顾了人民行动党获取和巩固执政地位的过程。第二章运用社会生态分析方法探讨人民行动党在新加坡特定的社会生态系统中如何产生、成长、壮大，进而上台长期执政，并使新加坡经济保持长期高速发展，政治稳定，成为世界上政治、经济、社会协调发展的国家之一。研究人民行动党独特的执政环境，不仅可以加深我们对人民行动党独特而有效的执政形态产生的历史条件和社会条件的认识，而且也为中国共产党借鉴新加坡人民行动党的执政经验提供背景资料。需要指出的是，人民行动党的执政形态是新加坡特定环境的产物，不可照抄照搬。第三章，我们把研究的目光投向人民行动党的意识形态和执政理念。意识形态和执政理念是一个政党的内在灵魂。在执政之前，意识形态“是一面旗帜”，是赢得民众支持，凝聚人心的有效工具。人民行动党在执政之前，针对新加坡面临的具体国情和国际环境，把民主社会主义作为自己的意识形态，以赢得下层民众的支持，躲避殖民者的打压，利用和平夺取政权这一民主社会主义的经典教义赢得执政地位。在执政之后，人民行动党并没有抱着民主社会主义的理论教条不放，而是依据新加坡的国情制定了独特的发展战略，修正了某些意识形态内涵，，并以“共同价值观”来代行传统意识形态的凝聚人心功能。在执政过程中，逐渐形成了成熟的执政理念，人民行动党独特、实用而有效的执政理念的主要内涵有:政党政治理念—国家利益至上与民族团结和睦;政府管理理念—“好政府”与“强政府”;社会发展理念—经济发展先于民主政治。第四章主要研究人民行动党的执政机制。执政机制是一个执政党领导国家建设的内在逻辑，是处理执政党与国家权力机关、行政机关、司法机关、各党派以及社会团体等公共政治主体的关系而采取的方式方法和规则规范的总称。在新加坡，人民行动党与国会、政府和司法机关高度一体化。20世纪80年代以来，这些关系民主化的趋势表象难掩一体化的传统的实质。随着世界民主化浪潮的兴起和国内中产阶级队伍的壮大，反对党作为新加坡民众要求民主与自由的符号在新加坡政坛上处于两难的境地:对于人民行动党来说，反对党的存在及活动是人民行动党宣扬的民主的遮羞布，不能容忍其坐大，否则就需打压;对于反对党而言，与其说他们是为自己而存在，勿宁说是为人民行动党而存在，他们的存在对于人民行动党执政的影响很小，但他们又不得不为生存而苦心经营自己。在人民行动党与社会团体的关系上，我们主要关注人民行动党政府与工会的关系，因为在新加坡，虽然有数千个社会团体，但政治色彩大多不鲜明，“全国职工总会” 作为新加坡工会的领导者，其地位相对突出，在人民行动党执政以后一直与人民行动党配合默契。第五章，我们试图运用合法性理论对人民行动党的执政形态进行分析。把纵向考察人民行动党执政合法性建立的历史过程和横向考察人民行动党利用掌握的资源来维持这种合法性的现状结合起来。同时，研究人民行动党社会基础的巩固与扩大对人民行动党维持其执政合法性的意义。第六章在宏观考察人民行动党执政形态的基本问题后，试图剥离出人民行动党所探索到的普遍执政规律和特殊执政经验，进而为丰富政党政治理论宝库提供支持，也为其他国家的政党借鉴人民行动党的执政经验提供前期帮助。第七章，我们对人民行动党的执政前景进行前瞻。在新世纪，人民行动党面临着政治与经济领域的诸多挑战，这也是世界上许多执政党面临的共同问题。新加坡面临着独立以来最大的经济衰退，面对世界性民主浪潮的冲击，人民行动党也不得不改变一些统治策略，但如何在保持威权体制的框架内适度增加个人自由民主权利，成为考量人民行动党执政能力和执政策略的一个重要指标。21世纪的第一个十年，是人民行动党从第二代政治领导向第三代政治领导过渡的时期，虽然现在看来平稳过渡该不会有太多悬念，但
[Abstract]:The extraordinary development of Singapore's economy and society is called the "mystery of Singapore". In the process of trying to reveal the "riddle", people often fail to choose the unique and critical perspective of the ruling form of the people's action party. As Li Guangyao said, "no action party has no present Singapore." the people's Action Party is in Singapore. It has played a decisive role in the process of generation, and the study of the ruling form of the people's Action Party undoubtedly helps us to interpret the way of success in Singapore. The ruling experience of the people's Action Party is an important achievement in the treasure house of the political party's political experience in the world.
It is a very complex subject to study the ruling form of a political party. It involves a wide range of contents. It is a great project to exhaustion all its contents. There are many factors in the study of the ruling form of the party, such as the establishment and consolidation of the ruling status, the ruling history, the ruling environment, the ideology and the ruling idea, the ruling goal, and the ruling characteristics. The essence of the ruling, the ruling mechanism, the ruling legitimacy, the ruling law, the ruling ability, the ruling experience, the ruling prospect, and so on. Because some of these elements are interlaced and overlapped each other, it is unavoidable that there will be some repetition. Therefore, we have selected the following elements for the study of the ruling form of the people's Action Party: the establishment of the ruling position and the sera. Solid, ruling environment, ideology and ruling idea, ruling mechanism, ruling legitimacy, ruling experience, and ruling prospect. These elements cover the basic content of the study of political party's ruling form. In the study, we strive to seize the main points to make the whole work appear systematic and not fragmentary.
The first chapter reviews the process of the people's Action Party's acquisition and consolidation of its ruling position.
In the second chapter, the social ecological analysis method is used to explore how the people's Action Party is born in Singapore's specific social ecosystem, grow and grow, and then go to power for a long time, and keep the economy of Singapore for a long time and high political stability, and become one of the countries in the world with political, economic and social coordinated development. The unique ruling environment can not only deepen our understanding of the historical and social conditions of the unique and effective ruling form of the people's Action Party, but also provide the background information for the Communist Party of China to learn from the ruling experience of the Singaporean People's action party. It is necessary to point out that the ruling form of the people's Action Party is a particular Singapore. The product of the environment can not be copied and copied.
In the third chapter, we focus our attention on the ideology of the people's Action Party and the concept of governance. Ideology and the concept of governance are the inner soul of a party. Before the administration, the ideology "is a banner", an effective tool to win the support of the people and to condense the people. Before the people's Action Party is in power, it is facing Singapore. The specific national conditions and the international environment, the democratic socialism as its own ideology, to win the support of the lower people, to avoid the pressure of the colonists, to win the ruling position of the classical doctrines of democratic socialism by peaceful capture of power. After being in power, the people's Action Party did not hold the doctrinal doctrine of democratic socialism. On the basis of the national conditions of Singapore, we have formulated a unique development strategy, amended some ideological connotations, and used the "common values" to condense the popular function of the traditional ideology. In the process of being in power, it has gradually formed a mature ruling idea, and the people's Action Party is unique, practical and effective.
The main ideas of the ruling idea are: party politics, national interests and national unity; government management.
The concept of "good government" and "strong government"; the concept of social development - economic development precedes democratic politics.
The fourth chapter mainly studies the ruling mechanism of the people's action party.
In logic, it deals with the ruling party and state power organs, administrative organs, judicial organs, parties and social organizations.
In Singapore, the people's Action Party (DAP) and the state are adopted in Singapore.
The government and the judiciary are highly integrated. The trend of democratization of these relations has been difficult since the 80s.20.
The traditional essence of mask integration is opposed to the rise of democratization in the world and the growth of the middle class team in China.
As a symbol of democracy and freedom in Singapore, the party is in a dilemma in Singapore's political arena: for the people's conduct.
The opposition party's existence and activities are the fig leaf of democracy advocated by the people's action party.
Otherwise, it is necessary to suppress; for the opposition parties, they are not for themselves, but rather for the people's action party.
But their existence has little influence on the ruling People's Action Party, but they have to work hard to survive.
In the relationship between the PAP and the social organizations, we are mainly concerned about the people's Action Party government and the trade union.
Because in Singapore, although there are thousands of social organizations, the political color is not clear.
As a leader of the trade union in Singapore, it has a relatively prominent position and has been in action with the people's Action Party since the ruling of the people's action party.
Cooperate with the tacit agreement.
In the fifth chapter, we try to use the legitimacy theory to analyze the ruling form of the PAP.
The historical process of the establishment of the people's Action Party's legitimacy and the horizontal inspection of the resources that the PAP has used to maintain it.
At the same time, we should study the consolidation and expansion of the people's Action Party's social foundation to the people's action.
The party maintains the significance of its ruling legitimacy.
The sixth chapter attempts to divest the people's Action Party after probing into the basic problems of the people's Action Party's ruling form.
The rule of universal rule and special experience of governance have provided support for enriching the theoretical repository of party politics.
The political parties in his country use the experience of the ruling People's Action Party to provide early help.
In the seventh chapter, we look forward to the prospect of the ruling party of the people's action party. In the new century, the people's Action Party is faced with politics.
Governance and economic challenges are also common problems faced by many ruling parties in the world. Singapore is facing independence.
In the face of the global wave of democracy, the people's Action Party has to change some of its biggest economic slump.
But how to appropriately increase personal freedom and democratic rights in the framework of authoritarian system has become a consideration for the people's business.
The first ten years of the.21 century were an important indicator of the ruling party's ability to govern and govern.
The transition period of the two generation of political leadership to the third generation of political leadership is not too much.
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【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D733.9

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