“抵消战略”与卡特时期美国核战略的延续与变化

发布时间：2018-08-08 17:33

【摘要】：美国卡特总统国家安全事务助理布热津斯基根据自己对美苏核均势以及苏联对外扩张局势的判断,认为美国有必要调整军事战略,更加灵活地使用核武器来威慑和遏制苏联。在苏联入侵阿富汗等局势的推动下,布热津斯基与国防部长布朗一起制定了阐述"抵消战略"的第59号总统令(PD-59)。该令得到卡特的批准。实际上第59号总统令正是对尼克松政府第242号国家安全决策备忘录(NSDM242号文件)的继承和发展,在坚持第242号国家安全决策备忘录体现的"灵活和有选择"地使用核武器,并注意控制危机升级的基础上,第59号总统令进一步增加了美国核武器运用的灵活性、扩展了打击目标的范围、加强了军事计划的应变能力和持久力,以增强针对苏联威慑的可信度。
[Abstract]:President Carter's National Security Assistant, Brzezinski, based on his own judgment on the USSR's nuclear balance and the Soviet Union's external expansion, believes that the United States needs to adjust its military strategy and use nuclear weapons more flexibly to deter and contain the Soviet Union. Prompted by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Brzezinski, along with Defense Minister Gordon Brown, made Presidential decree No. 59 (PD-59) laying out the offsetting strategy. The order was approved by Carter. In fact, Presidential decree No. 59 inherits and develops the Nixon Administration's Memorandum of National Security decision No. 242 (document NSDM242), using nuclear weapons in a "flexible and selective" manner, in keeping with the National Security decision Memorandum No. 242. And on the basis of controlling the escalation of the crisis, Presidential decree No. 59 further increased the flexibility of the use of nuclear weapons in the United States, expanded the scope of attack targets, and strengthened the resilience and durability of military plans, To strengthen the credibility of deterrence against the Soviet Union.
【作者单位】：中国海洋大学法政学院政治与行政学系;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金资助项目“美国战略学研究与美国核战略思想的演变(1945~1969)”(2013M531309) 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“冷战时期美国在远东地区的核部署研究(1947~1977)”(13YJC770003)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D771.2;D815

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