西欧国家政党政治的多重两难困境
发布时间：2018-08-28 13:36
【摘要】：近年来,西欧政党政治乱象丛生的根本问题就是欧洲传统政党政治陷入多个两难困境。无论是传统左翼社会党,还是右翼保守党,政党经历长时期生存危机后,在找寻出路的诸多尝试中越来越举步维艰。首先,许多政党为了延续生命,追求吸引新支持者以最大化选票的同时却丧失了原来的身份及传统支持者;其次,由于大众媒体与自媒体的发展,原本依靠议题设置来争取民众支持的政党转而求助于舞台式的表演风格来讨好选民,政党丧失议题设置功能,不只是放弃了竞选过程的手段,更是放弃了其作为代议政制中一个重要角色的责任;再次,西欧政府在经济上面对国内外的压力及责任,而对经济发展的支配能力又被全球化、欧盟一体化所削弱,在如何回应选民的短期利益诉求与维持国家的长期利益与良好对外关系的责任之间存在着两难。除此之外,政党实现政治的社会化以及为国家挑选及培训领导人的功能也明显在政党追求扩大选票过程中被削弱了。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the fundamental problem of political chaos in Western Europe is that the traditional party politics in Europe is in many dilemmas. Whether it is the traditional left-wing Socialist Party or the right-wing Conservative Party, after a long period of survival crisis, the party is increasingly struggling in many attempts to find a way out. First, many political parties have lost their original identities and traditional supporters while seeking to attract new supporters to maximize the votes in order to continue their lives; secondly, because of the development of the mass media and the self-media, The political parties that originally relied on issue setting to win the support of the public turned to the stage style of acting to please the voters. Political parties losing the function of issue setting did not just give up the means of the election campaign. It has given up its responsibility as an important role in representative government. Thirdly, Western European governments are facing economic pressures and responsibilities at home and abroad, and their dominance of economic development has been weakened by globalization and the integration of the European Union. There is a dilemma between how to respond to the short-term interests of voters and the long-term interests of the country and the responsibility of good external relations. In addition, the socialisation of political parties and the selection and training of leaders for the country are clearly weakened in the party's quest to expand its votes.
【作者单位】： 清华大学社会科学学院;
【分类号】：D756
[Abstract]:In recent years, the fundamental problem of political chaos in Western Europe is that the traditional party politics in Europe is in many dilemmas. Whether it is the traditional left-wing Socialist Party or the right-wing Conservative Party, after a long period of survival crisis, the party is increasingly struggling in many attempts to find a way out. First, many political parties have lost their original identities and traditional supporters while seeking to attract new supporters to maximize the votes in order to continue their lives; secondly, because of the development of the mass media and the self-media, The political parties that originally relied on issue setting to win the support of the public turned to the stage style of acting to please the voters. Political parties losing the function of issue setting did not just give up the means of the election campaign. It has given up its responsibility as an important role in representative government. Thirdly, Western European governments are facing economic pressures and responsibilities at home and abroad, and their dominance of economic development has been weakened by globalization and the integration of the European Union. There is a dilemma between how to respond to the short-term interests of voters and the long-term interests of the country and the responsibility of good external relations. In addition, the socialisation of political parties and the selection and training of leaders for the country are clearly weakened in the party's quest to expand its votes.
【作者单位】： 清华大学社会科学学院;
【分类号】：D756
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