2001年以来澳大利亚反恐政策的研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 08:54
【摘要】：2001年9 ·11事件及之后发生在巴厘岛、马德里、伦敦等地的恐怖袭击事件,使澳大利亚意识到本国反恐形势的日趋严峻,意识到自身面临恐怖主义威胁,其地理位置在防御恐怖主义上无优势可言。目前澳洲的恐怖预警水平是"很有可能",意味着澳洲是恐怖主义袭击的目标之一,恐怖主义袭击在澳洲很有可能发生。9 ·11之后,澳洲开始不断更新反恐政策,主要包括反恐策略制定和反恐立法和执法。本文围绕澳洲国内反恐政策,旨在探讨2001年以来澳洲反恐政策的变化和特征。总体而言,澳洲的反恐政策行之有效。本文将呈现影响澳洲反恐政策变化的因素和政策实施的效果,同时指出澳洲反恐政策实施中出现的问题,包括伊斯兰恐惧症、穆斯林在执法中被边缘化、政府权力扩大化造成公民权力受到侵犯等。期望问题的指出与澳洲完善反恐政策的目标相吻合。基于在该领域收集到的全面充实的资料文献,本文通过运用定量分析研究和案例研究对澳洲反恐政策进行深入探讨。利用网上资料完善研究材料,使论文更加全面。澳洲的反恐政策基于澳洲国内外不断增长的恐怖主义威胁而变化。澳洲国内认同极端主义理念的群体,包括参与过中东冲突的战斗人员和独行恐怖人,是澳洲恐怖主义威胁的主要来源。根据澳洲恐怖主义定义和2004年至2015年之间的澳洲政府反恐报告,本文认为在倡导多元文化政策的澳洲,反恐以预防政策为主,社群是澳洲反恐防御的中坚力量,也是一旦遭遇恐怖袭击后社会复元的主要力量。因恐怖主义威胁并非一成不变,针对恐怖主义的政策因而需适时更新,澳洲反恐政策的另一个主要特征即适应性。恐怖主义形成的根源在于人们在恐怖思想的影响下被极端化,澳洲以恐怖主义根源为出发点,积极实施社群参与政策。2001年以来,澳洲已颁布60余部专门针对反恐的法律,这些法律覆盖范围广,重在发挥提前预防的功能,并不断扩大政府人员在反恐方面的权力。但在政策实施过程中,也产生了一些问题。比如,澳洲穆斯林群体来源广泛,背景多样,却被视为单一群体,在反恐行动中,穆斯林被视为嫌疑族群,使得社群政策过于关注穆斯林群体,不同群体间加强相互理解沟通的目的难以达到;近年来,伊斯兰恐惧症不但没有减弱,反而有所上升,社会凝聚力遭削弱,不利于推行社群参与政策;被视为嫌疑群体的穆斯林,没有感受到反恐法律和政策的保护,反而感到被边缘化,法律的提前预防功能同时对一些公民自由权造成侵犯。这些问题都关系到澳洲反恐政策的发展和效力,必须得到合理解决。澳洲政府和媒体必须共同努力,采取举措,促进弱化并最终根除关于穆斯林与恐怖主义之间存在必然联系的社会认知,减少其他群体对穆斯林群体的误解,加强社会凝聚力,从根源上防止恐怖主义渗透。媒体有责任向公众传达客观公正、不导致误解的信息,加强不同群体间的相互尊重和理解,并在一定程度上发挥监督政府的职能。
[Abstract]:The terrorist attacks in Bali, Madrid and London on September 11, 2001 have made Australia aware of the increasingly serious anti-terrorism situation in the country and the threat it faces. Its geographical position has no advantage in preventing terrorism. Australia is one of the targets of terrorist attacks. Since September 11, terrorist attacks are likely to occur in Australia. Australia has begun to update its anti-terrorism policy, mainly including anti-terrorism strategy formulation and anti-terrorism legislation and law enforcement. In general, Australia's anti-terrorism policy is effective. This paper will present the factors affecting the change of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and the effect of its implementation. It also points out the problems in the implementation of Australia's anti-terrorism policy, including Islamophobia, the marginalization of Muslims in law enforcement, and the infringement of civil rights caused by the expansion of government power. Based on the comprehensive literature collected in this field, this paper makes a thorough study of Australian anti-terrorism policy through quantitative analysis and case study, and makes the paper more comprehensive by using online data to improve research materials. The growing threat of terrorism in Australia and abroad is changing. Groups in Australia that share extremist ideas, including combatants and lone terrorists involved in the Middle East conflict, are the main sources of the threat of terrorism in Australia. According to the Australian definition of terrorism and the Australian Government's anti-terrorism report from 2004 to 2015, this article In Australia, which advocates a multicultural policy, anti-terrorism is mainly a preventive policy. The community is the backbone of Australia's anti-terrorism defense and the main force for social recovery after a terrorist attack. The origin of terrorism lies in the extremization of people under the influence of terrorism. Australia actively implements the policy of community participation based on the origin of terrorism. Since 2001, more than 60 laws have been enacted to combat terrorism. These laws cover a wide range of areas and focus on the function of early prevention. For example, the Muslim community in Australia has a wide range of sources and diverse backgrounds, but is regarded as a single group. In the anti-terrorism action, Muslims are regarded as a suspect group, which makes the community policy too concerned about Muslim groups, increasing among different groups. The purpose of strong mutual understanding and communication is difficult to achieve; in recent years, Islamophobia has not weakened, but increased, and social cohesion has been weakened, which is not conducive to the implementation of community participation policies; Muslims who are regarded as suspected groups do not feel the protection of anti-terrorism laws and policies, but feel marginalized, and the law has prevented them in advance. These problems are related to the development and effectiveness of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and must be solved rationally. The Australian government and the media must work together to take measures to weaken and ultimately eradicate the social awareness of the inevitable link between Muslims and terrorism and reduce other groups. It is the responsibility of the media to convey objective and impartial information to the public without causing misunderstanding, to strengthen mutual respect and understanding among different groups, and to play the role of supervising the government to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D761.1
本文编号：2216692
[Abstract]:The terrorist attacks in Bali, Madrid and London on September 11, 2001 have made Australia aware of the increasingly serious anti-terrorism situation in the country and the threat it faces. Its geographical position has no advantage in preventing terrorism. Australia is one of the targets of terrorist attacks. Since September 11, terrorist attacks are likely to occur in Australia. Australia has begun to update its anti-terrorism policy, mainly including anti-terrorism strategy formulation and anti-terrorism legislation and law enforcement. In general, Australia's anti-terrorism policy is effective. This paper will present the factors affecting the change of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and the effect of its implementation. It also points out the problems in the implementation of Australia's anti-terrorism policy, including Islamophobia, the marginalization of Muslims in law enforcement, and the infringement of civil rights caused by the expansion of government power. Based on the comprehensive literature collected in this field, this paper makes a thorough study of Australian anti-terrorism policy through quantitative analysis and case study, and makes the paper more comprehensive by using online data to improve research materials. The growing threat of terrorism in Australia and abroad is changing. Groups in Australia that share extremist ideas, including combatants and lone terrorists involved in the Middle East conflict, are the main sources of the threat of terrorism in Australia. According to the Australian definition of terrorism and the Australian Government's anti-terrorism report from 2004 to 2015, this article In Australia, which advocates a multicultural policy, anti-terrorism is mainly a preventive policy. The community is the backbone of Australia's anti-terrorism defense and the main force for social recovery after a terrorist attack. The origin of terrorism lies in the extremization of people under the influence of terrorism. Australia actively implements the policy of community participation based on the origin of terrorism. Since 2001, more than 60 laws have been enacted to combat terrorism. These laws cover a wide range of areas and focus on the function of early prevention. For example, the Muslim community in Australia has a wide range of sources and diverse backgrounds, but is regarded as a single group. In the anti-terrorism action, Muslims are regarded as a suspect group, which makes the community policy too concerned about Muslim groups, increasing among different groups. The purpose of strong mutual understanding and communication is difficult to achieve; in recent years, Islamophobia has not weakened, but increased, and social cohesion has been weakened, which is not conducive to the implementation of community participation policies; Muslims who are regarded as suspected groups do not feel the protection of anti-terrorism laws and policies, but feel marginalized, and the law has prevented them in advance. These problems are related to the development and effectiveness of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and must be solved rationally. The Australian government and the media must work together to take measures to weaken and ultimately eradicate the social awareness of the inevitable link between Muslims and terrorism and reduce other groups. It is the responsibility of the media to convey objective and impartial information to the public without causing misunderstanding, to strengthen mutual respect and understanding among different groups, and to play the role of supervising the government to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D761.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王震;;全球反恐战争正在转型[J];世界知识;2015年06期
，本文编号：2216692
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