自20世纪60年代以来美国墨裔妇女的发展变化
发布时间：2018-09-14 15:19
【摘要】： 在美国,墨裔移民同其他少数族裔一样,也是种族歧视的对象,而墨裔妇女遭受的压迫则更为惨重:一方面是来自英裔美国人为代表的美国主流社会的歧视,另一方面还要受到本民族男人的性别歧视。20世纪60年代,美国社会迸发了多种改革运动,尤其是第二次女权运动,打破了男人一统天下的格局,女性争取性别平等、反对性别歧视的观念也触发了墨裔妇女对她们所受压迫——种族压迫、性别压迫、阶级压迫——的反抗意识和追求权利、追求平等的愿望。本文以历史学为主要研究视角,同时综合运用了社会学、妇女学等的相关知识,旨在通过对20世纪60年代以来美国墨裔妇女自身发展状况与社会地位变迁的研究,从一个侧面来反映美国西裔妇女的生活状况,塑造出西裔妇女完整而崭新的形象,从而透析美国社会的变化。 本文正文分为三部分,以此来分析20世纪60年代以来美国墨裔妇女的发展变化,并对其原因进行分析: 第一部分为20世纪60年代以前的美国墨裔妇女,主要对20世纪60年代以前美国墨裔妇女的观念、社会生活方面的情况进行了简要回顾,借以为后文提供对比并埋下铺垫。在墨西哥传统文化中,女人在社会中无地位可言。随着大批墨西哥人移民美国,墨裔妇女的观念开始发生变化,为后来的变革准备了条件。 第二部分为奇卡诺运动冲击下的美国墨裔妇女,主要介绍了随着奇卡诺运动的进行,美国墨裔妇女对转换自身角色的探索。由于传统观念的影响、民族利益与个人利益的抉择以及对白人女权运动的疑虑,奇卡诺运动起初并没能得到绝大多数美国墨裔妇女的响应。然而,随着运动的深入,越来越多墨裔妇女开始为改变自身地位与状况而加入到奇卡诺运动中。第一届全国奇卡那会议标志着奇卡那运动的开始。美国墨裔人法律辩护与教育基金会(MALDEF)推出的奇卡那权利计划(CRP)使全体美国人注意到处于边缘地位的美国墨裔妇女,在确保墨裔妇女取得就业、保健、居住、照看孩子等方面的平等权利问题上迈出了重要的步伐。一系列示威游行活动使大批美国墨裔女学生、女工人的愿望得到了部分实现,从而一定程度上改变了她们的地位。随着奇卡那运动的进行,墨裔妇女逐渐界定出自己的女权主义观点,将白人女权主义所否认的种族压迫、等级压迫囊括其中。 第三部分为20世纪60年代以来美国墨裔妇女社会地位的发展变化,主要阐述20世纪60年代以来美国墨裔妇女在就业、教育及家庭地位方面的变化,并对其原因进行分析说明。奇卡诺及后来的奇卡那运动使美国墨裔妇女在就业、教育、家庭等方面出现了一些新变化,与以前相比有了一定的进步。然而,她们的总体情况仍然十分落后。
[Abstract]:In the United States, Mexican immigrants, like other minorities, are the target of racial discrimination, and Mexican women suffer even more: on the one hand, discrimination from the mainstream American society represented by British Americans. On the other hand, because of the sexism of the men of their own nation. In the 1960s, a variety of reform movements broke out in American society, especially the second feminist movement, which broke the pattern of men dominating the world, and women fought for gender equality. The concept of anti-sexism also triggered the resistance of Mexican women to their oppression-racial oppression, gender oppression, class oppression-and the desire to pursue rights and equality. This paper takes the history as the main research angle, at the same time synthetically uses the sociology, the women's science and so on related knowledge, through the research to the American Mexican American woman's own development condition and the social status change since the 1960s. It reflects the living conditions of American Hispanic women from one side, and shapes the complete and brand-new image of Hispanic women, so as to analyze the changes of American society. The text of this paper is divided into three parts to analyze the development and changes of American Mexican women since 1960s, and analyze the reasons: the first part is American Mexican women before 1960s. This paper mainly reviews the concept and social life of American Mexican women before the 1960s, in order to provide a contrast and lay the groundwork for the following articles. In traditional Mexican culture, women have no place in society. As a large number of Mexicans emigrated to the United States, the concept of Mexican women began to change, setting the stage for later changes. The second part is American Mexican women under the impact of Chikano Movement. It mainly introduces the American Mexican women's exploration of changing their roles with the development of Chikano Movement. Because of the influence of traditional ideas, the choice between national and personal interests, and the doubt of white feminist movement, the Chikano movement did not get the response of the overwhelming majority of American Mexican women at first. However, with the deepening of the movement, more and more Mexican women began to join the Chikano Movement in order to change their status and status. The first National Chikana Conference marked the beginning of the Chikana movement. The Chikana Rights Program (CRP), launched by the American Foundation for legal Defence and Education (MALDEF), draws the attention of all Americans to the marginalized American Mexican women who are ensuring that Mexican women have access to employment, health care, and residence. Important steps have been taken on the issue of equal rights in the area of child care. A series of demonstrations partially fulfilled the aspirations of a large number of American Mexican schoolgirls and women workers, thus changing their status to some extent. With the development of Chikana Movement, Mexican women gradually defined their feminist views, including racial oppression denied by white feminism, and hierarchical oppression. The third part is the development and change of American Mexican women's social status since 1960s. It mainly expounds the changes of American Mexican women's employment, education and family status since 1960s, and analyzes the reasons. Chikano and later Chikana Movement made some new changes in employment, education, family and other aspects of American Mexican women. However, their overall situation is still very backward.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D771.2
本文编号：2243090
[Abstract]:In the United States, Mexican immigrants, like other minorities, are the target of racial discrimination, and Mexican women suffer even more: on the one hand, discrimination from the mainstream American society represented by British Americans. On the other hand, because of the sexism of the men of their own nation. In the 1960s, a variety of reform movements broke out in American society, especially the second feminist movement, which broke the pattern of men dominating the world, and women fought for gender equality. The concept of anti-sexism also triggered the resistance of Mexican women to their oppression-racial oppression, gender oppression, class oppression-and the desire to pursue rights and equality. This paper takes the history as the main research angle, at the same time synthetically uses the sociology, the women's science and so on related knowledge, through the research to the American Mexican American woman's own development condition and the social status change since the 1960s. It reflects the living conditions of American Hispanic women from one side, and shapes the complete and brand-new image of Hispanic women, so as to analyze the changes of American society. The text of this paper is divided into three parts to analyze the development and changes of American Mexican women since 1960s, and analyze the reasons: the first part is American Mexican women before 1960s. This paper mainly reviews the concept and social life of American Mexican women before the 1960s, in order to provide a contrast and lay the groundwork for the following articles. In traditional Mexican culture, women have no place in society. As a large number of Mexicans emigrated to the United States, the concept of Mexican women began to change, setting the stage for later changes. The second part is American Mexican women under the impact of Chikano Movement. It mainly introduces the American Mexican women's exploration of changing their roles with the development of Chikano Movement. Because of the influence of traditional ideas, the choice between national and personal interests, and the doubt of white feminist movement, the Chikano movement did not get the response of the overwhelming majority of American Mexican women at first. However, with the deepening of the movement, more and more Mexican women began to join the Chikano Movement in order to change their status and status. The first National Chikana Conference marked the beginning of the Chikana movement. The Chikana Rights Program (CRP), launched by the American Foundation for legal Defence and Education (MALDEF), draws the attention of all Americans to the marginalized American Mexican women who are ensuring that Mexican women have access to employment, health care, and residence. Important steps have been taken on the issue of equal rights in the area of child care. A series of demonstrations partially fulfilled the aspirations of a large number of American Mexican schoolgirls and women workers, thus changing their status to some extent. With the development of Chikana Movement, Mexican women gradually defined their feminist views, including racial oppression denied by white feminism, and hierarchical oppression. The third part is the development and change of American Mexican women's social status since 1960s. It mainly expounds the changes of American Mexican women's employment, education and family status since 1960s, and analyzes the reasons. Chikano and later Chikana Movement made some new changes in employment, education, family and other aspects of American Mexican women. However, their overall situation is still very backward.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D771.2
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1 孙鹤;自20世纪60年代以来美国墨裔妇女的发展变化[D];山东师范大学;2009年
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